消极修辞的灵活度

The Flexibility of Negative Rhetoric

本文尝试一种介乎语言对比和文辞推敲之间的消极修辞观察工作,藉以观察汉语的实质性语法特点、语篇特点和修辞精神通过对《英轺日记》文白版本的对照,我们讨论如下几个问题:一,从结构助词的使用看助词的多功能性与结构替代性;二,从处所介词的使用看时间空间表达的语法制约和修辞选择;三,从处置结构的使用看现代白话构式意义的浮现;四,从完成意义的表达看形态表达与意合表达的相映;五,从文言白话共同的短句倾向看汉语语篇的节律要求。这些观察对我们理解汉语语法修辞的强制性与自由度,了解汉语语篇的节律性要求,应该是有启发意义的。

This paper observes negative rhetoric in a w ay betw een linguistic contrast and textual scrutiny in order to offer a new perspective to the study of the essential grammatical features,discourse features and rhetorical features of Chinese. By comparing the classical and vernacular Chinese versions of Ying Yao Riji( Dairy of Ying Yao),the paper observes the multifunctionality and structural substitutability of auxiliary w ords from the use of structural particles,the grammatical constraints and rhetorical choices of temporal and spatial expressions from the use of locative prepositions,the emergence of constructional meaning in modern vernacular Chinese from the use of disposal structure,the correspondence betw een morphological expressions and parataxis expressions from the expressions of perfect aspect,and the metrical requirements of Chinese discourse from the shared tendency of using short sentence in both classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese. The results of the observations are instructive to the understanding of the compulsion and the degree of freedom of Chinese grammar and rhetoric and the metrical requirements of Chinese discourses.