发酵豆粕替代鱼粉及添加包膜氨基酸、植酸酶对花鲈幼鱼生长性能及养殖水质的影响

Evaluation of replacing fish meal by fermented soybean meal, adding coated amino acids and phytase on the growth performance and water quality for Lateolabrax japonicus

试验旨在研究不同比例发酵豆粕替代鱼粉及添加包膜氨基酸、植酸酶对花鲈生长性能和养殖水质的影响。选取初始体重为(13.00±0.02)g的花鲈400尾,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复20尾鱼。在42 d的饲养期间分别投喂5种试验饲料,即高鱼粉组(36%鱼粉+8%发酵豆粕)、中鱼粉组(31%鱼粉+20%发酵豆粕)、包膜氨基酸组(31%鱼粉+20%发酵豆粕)、植酸酶组(31%鱼粉+20%发酵豆粕)和低鱼粉组(26%鱼粉+32%发酵豆粕),分别记为G0、G1、G2、G3和G4。试验结果显示,与G0组相比,G1、G2组和G3组花鲈的末均重、增重率和特定生长率显著升高(P<0.05),饲料系数显著降低(P<0.05),G4组与G0组无显著差异(P>0.05)。与G1组相比,G2组饲料系数显著下降(P<0.05)。G3组中饲料系数低于G1组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。与G0组相比,G4组中花鲈的肝体比显著下降(P<0.05)。各组间成活率和肥满度无显著差异(P>0.05)。各组间花鲈全鱼体成分及水体pH值、溶氧量和总氮差异不显著(P>0.05)。第14 d之后,G2组和G3组亚硝酸盐氮含量显著低于G0组(P<0.05)。第21 d之后,G2、G3组和G4组水体总磷含量显著低于G0组(P<0.05),其中第28 d,G3组比G0组降低26.92%。第28 d之后,G0组氨氮含量显著高于其它组(P<0.05)。发酵豆粕替代鱼粉及添加包膜氨基酸和植酸酶可提高花鲈的生长性能,降低养殖水质中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和磷的排放,改善花鲈养殖水质。

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different proportions of fermented soybean meal replacing fish meal and adding coated amino acids and phytase on the growth performance and water quality for Lateolabrax japonicus . A total of 400 fish with an initial body weight of (13.00±0.02) g were randomly divided into 5 groups, 4 replicates in each group, and 20 fishes per rep? licate. Five diets, including high fishmeal group G0 (36% fish meal+8% fermented soybean meal), me? dium fish meal group G1 (31% fish meal+20% fermented soybean meal), and coated amino acid group G2 (31% fish meal+20% fermented soybean meal), phytase group G3 (31% fish meal+20% fermented soybean meal) and low fish meal group G4 (26% fish meal + 32% fermented soybean meal), were prepared and fed to fish during the 42-day feed? ing period. Compared with G0, the average weight, weight gain rate and specific growth rate of fish were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed coefficient was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in G1, G2 and G3. There was no significant difference between G4 and G0 (P>0.05)Compared with G1, the feed coefficient was lower in G2 (P<0.05). The feed coefficient in G3 was lower than that in G1, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Compared with G0, the hepatosomatic index in G4 was significantly decreased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in survival rate and condition factor between the groups (P>0.05). There was also no significant difference in fish body composition, water pH, dissolved oxygen and total nitrogen among groups (P>0.05). After the 14^th day, the nitrite nitrogen content in G2 and G3 groups were significantly lower than that in G0 (P<0.05). After the 21st day, the total phosphorus content in G2, G3 and G4 was significantly lower than that in G0 (P<0.05). On the 28^th day, the total phosphorus content in G3 was 26.92% lower than G0. After the 28^th day, the ammonia nitrogen content of G0 was significantly higher than that of other groups (P< 0.05). In conclusion, replacing fish meal by fermented soybean meal along with adding coated amino acids and phytase could improve the growth performance ofLateolabrax japonicus , reduce the emission of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and phosphorus in water, and improve the water quality of culturing Lateolabrax japonicus .