羟基改性的多壁碳纳米管接枝聚氨酯泡沫的制备及性能研究

Preparation and Properties of Polyurethane-based Soft Foams Grafted with Hydroxyl-modified Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes

采用原位聚合法制备了表面羟基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)接枝聚氨酯(PU)泡沫复合材料。采用超声处理使MWCNT在聚醚多元醇中均匀分散,原位聚合可以改善MWCNT与PU材料间的界面效应。结果表明,当MWCNT含量小于0.4%(质量分数,下同)时,PU泡孔形态稳定,分布均匀且泡孔尺寸较小,并观察到泡孔壁网状结构间出现膜状结构;当MWCNT含量大于0.6%时,泡孔尺寸明显变大甚至出现泡孔塌陷;复合材料的回弹性、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均随MWCNT含量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势;复合材料的溶剂吸附能力随MWCNT的引入对不同溶剂产生了不同的影响,极性溶剂水的吸附摩尔数随着MWCNT含量的增加而降低,非极性溶剂石油醚的变化规律则相反。

The surface hydroxylation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)was conducted and then grafted with polyurethane to prepare soft composite foams by in-situ polymerization. To improve the interfacial interaction between MWCNT and polyurethane, an ultrasonic treatment was carried out to make MWCNT well dispersed in polyether polyols. The results indicated that the pores of polyurethane foam kept a stable shape with a uniform distribution and small size at the content of MWCNT lower than 0.4 wt%. A membrane structure was observed between the reticular foam walls. The bubble became larger and even collapsed when the content of MWCNT is higher than 0.6 wt%, The resilience, tensile strength and elongation at break of the composite foams exhibited an increasing trend at first and then tended to decrease with an increase of MWCNT content. The adsorption capacity of the composite foams was also influenced by the introduction of MWCNT, and their adsorption molar mass of strong polar water decreased with an increase of MWCNT content. However, there was an opposite trend for the adsorption molar mass of non-polar petroleum ether.