甘肃地名民俗中的建文足迹

Traces of Emperor Jianwen among Place Names and Folk Customs in Gansu Province

明建文帝的下落是近年来史学界探讨频繁的一段公案。早在1994年徐化民、连书成二人合著地方志书《渭水源头》,撰写《一个失位皇帝的雪泥鸿爪》,考证建文帝远赴乐都瞿坛寺。杨淼林、杨慰《建文帝圆寂青海乐都瞿昙寺考》、公维章《明建文帝出亡青海瞿昙寺新探》再次提出流亡甘青最后圆寂于青海乐都瞿昙寺的观点。本文补充金花娘娘传说及其庙碑、地名(挡驾墩、落驾台、救驾沟、接驾嘴、伏龙坪、藏龙洞)、萧氏家谱及家族口传、榆中"七月官神"民俗等新材料,并绘制全国各地建文踪迹图,对多种说法采取"共生"而非"唯一"的思维方法,讨论建文帝在靖难之变后的行踪,认为朱允炆历经多地最终流寓甘青是合理而可靠的结论。

The whereabouts of Emperor Jianwen of the Ming Dynasty has remained a mystery and it has become the subject of heated discussion by historians in recent years. As early as 1994,Xu Huamin and Lian Shucheng co-authored a local chronicle named The Origin of Wei River. In this book,the authors wrote an article entitled the Elusive Traces of a Deposed Emperor which argued that Emperor Jianwen went as far as Qutan Monastery in Ledu,Qinghai. Yang Miaolin and Yang Wei,in A Study on the Possible Death of Emperor Jianwen at Qutan Monastery,Ledu,Qinghai,and Gong Weizhang,in the New Inquiry into the Exile of Emperor Jianwen of the Ming Dynasty to Qutan Monastery,Qinghai,both floated the idea that the deposed emperor ended up in Gansu and finally died in Qutan Monastery,Ledu,Qinghai. This paper supplements new literature on the tales of Goddess Jinhua( or Madame Jinhua) and her temples and steles,place names( e. g.Dangjia Stone,Luojia Stand,Jiujia Trench,Jiejia Mouth,Fulong Ground and Canglong Cave,with"jia"and"long"literally all related to emperor or dragon). A map has also been drawn,marking the traces of the emperor across China. Taking the approach of "coexistence"rather than "one or none"to various theories,this paper explores the traces of Emperor Jianwen in the wake of the Jingnan Incident and argues that Emperor Zhu Yunwen finally settled in Gansu and Qinghai after flitting from one place to another would be a reasonable and reliable conclusion.