三省市3～12岁儿童家长家庭食品安全行为现状及影响因素

Analysis of behaviors on household food safety and its influencing factors among caregivers of children aged 3-12 years old in Chinese three Provinces and Municipality

目的了解3～12岁儿童家长家庭食品安全行为现状及其影响因素。方法 2018年9—12月在上海市、四川省、河北省采用随机整群抽样方法,每个地区分别选一个城市点,一个农村点,每个点随机抽3～4所幼儿园和2～3所小学,共选取12 449例3～12岁儿童家长作为研究对象进行问卷调查,采用二元Logistic回归对家长家庭食品安全正确行为进行多因素分析。结果三省市家庭食品安全平均得分为13.5(11.0～16.0)分,正确行为及格率为47.8%,其中解冻冷冻食物、食物防鼠/蟑螂/蝇、剩饭处理、制备生熟食物使用不同案板/刀具的正确率很低,分别为3.4%、12.8%、26.3%和32.4%。Logistic多因素分析显示,正确行为及格率河北低于上海,OR=0.873(95%CI 0.794～0.960);31～40岁、41～50岁及50岁以上家长高于18～30岁家长,OR值分别为1.391(95%CI 1.247～1.552)、1.836(95%CI 1.589～2.121)和1.954(95%CI 1.269～3.009);大专和本科及以上文化程度家长高于小学及以下家长,OR值分别为1.392(95%CI 1.088～1.781)和1.466(95%CI 1.148～1.870);家庭经济收入中等、高水平高于收入低水平,OR值分别为1.396(95%CI 1.260～1.547)和2.543(95%CI 2.069～3.126),过去半年发生食物中毒高于未发生食物中毒,OR=1.639(95%CI 1.336～2.010)。结论三省市3～12岁儿童家长家庭食品安全正确行为比例较低。

OBJECTIVE To understand behaviors and influence factors on household food safety among caregivers of child aged 3-12 years old.METHODS A total of 12 449 caregivers of children aged 3-12 years were selected using random sampling method in Shanghai Municipality,Sichuan and Hebei Provinces from September 2018 to December 2018.A city and a rural district were chosen from each region points,respectively,then 3-4 kindergartens and 2-3 primary schools were randomly selected.A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed to parents and collected timely,focused on the information of behaviors on food safety.Binary logistic regression was used to multiple-factor regression analysis on food safety behavior of children caregivers.RESULTS The average score of household food safety behaviors in three provinces was 13.5(11.0-16.0),and the pass rate of correct behavior was 47.8%.The main problems included the correct defrost of frozen food(3.4%),the storage of food with anti-rat,cockroach,fly facilities(12.8%),never eat leftovers or if leftovers in the refrigerator at home,thoroughly heating(26.3%),and the preparation of raw and cooked food using separate cutting boards/knives(32.4%).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the pass rate of correct behavior in Hebei was lower than that in Shanghai,the odds ratio(OR)was 0.873(95%CI 0.794-0.960);parents aged 31-40,41-50 and above of 50 was higher than that of parents aged 18-30,OR were 1.391(95%CI 1.247-1.552),1.836(95%CI 1.589-2.121)and 1.954(95%CI 1.269-3.009),respectively;the education level of junior college and above was higher than that of primary school and below,OR was 1.392(95%CI 1.088-1.781)and 1.466(95%CI 1.148-1.870),respectively;the median and high level of family economic income were higher than the low level of income,with an OR value of 1.396(95%CI 1.260-1.547)and 2.543(95%CI 2.069-3.126),respectively;the incidence of food poisoning in the past six months was higher than that without food poisoning,with an OR value of 1.639(95%CI 1.336-2.010).CONCLUSION The correct behaviors level on food safety is relative low.