美学视角下的政治身体建构——兼论“感性分配”与身体解放的联系

Constructing the Body Politic from the Perspective of Aesthetics——The Connection between “Distribution of the Sensible” and Physical Liberation

在福柯等人的著作中,“政治身体”是理解政治观念与合法性变迁的重要概念。中世纪至近代以来的统治者利用多种视觉与艺术再现手段,诉诸崇高与神秘美学效果的营造,达成对臣民视觉经验和身体感受方式的控制,以期实现神圣化国家的统治目的。分析政治身体的美学建构方式,为解读政治与美学的关系提供了新的思考向度。朗西埃从政治身体建构的美学机制中,挖掘出潜藏在身体美学中的政治解放潜能,通过打破感性的既有分配格局,赋予身体平等参与和分享审美经验的权利,从而消解和抵抗“治安”对身体的规训。

Among the works of scholars such as Foucault,“Body politic ” is an important concept for understanding political ideas and changes in legitimacy. The rulers from the Middle Ages to modern times used a variety of visual and artistic representations to achieve control over the visual experience of the people and the way they feel in the body. These means, through the creation of sublime and mysterious aesthetic effects, attempt to reach the goal of sanctifying the country. Analysis of the aesthetic construction of political body can provide a new perspective for interpreting the relationship between politics and aesthetics. From the great role of aesthetics in the construction of body politic, Rancière discovers the potential for political liberation contained in somaesthetics. Rancière believes that by breaking the existing pattern of the distribution of the sensible and giving the body the right to participate and share the aesthetic experience equally, it can weaken and resist the discipline of "the police".