知识产权虚无论和扩张论批判:从知识产权的双重性质出发

The Critique of the Vanity and the expansion of Intellectual Property Theory: Starting from the Dual Nature of Intellectual Property

知识产权制度是一种极富弹性的私权设定模式,它在动态运作中实现智力成果创造者和社会公众之间的利益平衡。知识经济的发展却使这一制度陷入了困境,引发许多诘难与争论。目前知识产权理论和实务界出现了两种值得深思的论调,即知识产权虚无论和知识产权扩张论。知识产权虚无论者极力反对甚至主张废除知识产权制度,要求最大限度的信息自由和共享,而知识产权扩张论者则鼓吹知识产权的强保护,努力攫取知识产权超额垄断利润。知识产权客体具有私人性和公共性,它决定了知识产权自然权利性和法定性的双重属性。知识产权的双重属性说明知识产权虚无论和扩张论思潮均不利于知识产权的恰当保护和人类的知识进步,需要认真对待与深入反思。

Intellectual property system is a very flexible private right mode,which is implemented the interests balance between the creators of intellectual products and social public in the dynamic operation.But today in the 21st century,the development of knowledge-based economy has run the system into trouble,triggering a number of interrogation and controversy.Currently there are two circles theory whild should to be carefully considered in the theoretical and practical field of intellectual property,that are the vanity of intellectual property theory and the expansion of intellectual property theory.The vanity of intellectual property theory strongly opposes to the intellectual property system even advocate the abolition of it,require to maximizing information sharing freedom,the expansion of intellectual property theory advocate strong intellectual property protection,in order to capture monopoly profits.Intellectual property objects have private and public nature,which determines the double nature of intellectual property rights with natural right and the legal nature right.Note the double attribute of intellectual property rights,whether the vanity of intellectual property theory and the expansion of intellectual property theory are both not conducive to proper intellectual property protection and advancement of human knowledge,thus they should be seriously dealt with and in-depth reflection.