日本“沼津模式”借鉴:我国垃圾分类的实现路径

The Reference of Japan’s “ZaoJin model” of garbage classification: Path to the Reconstruction of Garbage Classification system in China

当前我国垃圾分类制度在实践中存在诸多问题,集中体现为行政管控措施效力不彰、市场潜能未能有效发掘、公众力量尚未充分调动等。日本垃圾分类的"沼津模式"源自公私合作的规制转型理念,形成了政府引导、市场激励和民众参与的垃圾分类多元主体协作模式。该模式应因我国《环境保护法》多元共治的环境治理新理念,具备可借鉴的制度优势;契合当前学界对垃圾分类理论研究的共识性观点;且我国相关的政策土壤、社会基础和技术条件也业已具备。我国应当以"沼津模式"为蓝本,重构现有的垃圾分类的管理体制,政府在政策法规层面做好顶层设计,完善管理、监督与宣传制度体系;充分发挥市场作用,引导企业内化垃圾分类行为;通过广泛的公众参与,形成垃圾分类的习惯和文化。

At present,there are still many problems in our country’s garbage classification system in practice,which are mainly manifested in the following aspects:the effectiveness of administrative control measures is not obvious,the market potential has not been effectively explored,and the public power has not been fully mobilized.However,Japan’s “ZaoJin model” of garbage classification originates from the concept of regulation transformation of public-private cooperation,and gradually forms a multi-subject cooperation model of garbage classification with government guidance,market incentives and public participation.This model conforms to the new concept of environmental governance of our country’s environmental protection law of multiple governance,so it has the advantages that can be used for reference.Agree with the consensus view of academic circles on the theoretical study of garbage classification;In addition,China’s relevant policy and social foundation and technical conditions are basically in place.However,China should reconstruct the existing garbage classification management system based on the “ZaoJin model”.The government should make top-level design at the level of policies and regulations and perfect the publicity,management and supervision system.Give full play to the role of the market,and guide enterprises to internalize garbage classification behavior;Through extensive public participation,the habit and culture of garbage classification will be formed.