公平结果考察下三阶段划界方法的司法实践与发展

Judicial Practice and Development of the Three-stage Demarcation Method under Equitable Results

国际海洋划界始终坚持以取得公平划界结果为目标,同时也在寻求划界方法的确定性。三阶段方法作为海洋划界方法的最新发展,一定程度上平衡了划界的确定性和灵活性之间的关系。但国际司法机构在实践中已经明显向追求划界确定性上过度倾斜,将三阶段方法作为海洋划界的标准方法对待,过度重视其在划界过程中的工具价值,由此暴露出三阶段方法存在的诸多问题。海洋划界须以公平划界结果为目标,兼顾海洋划界的确定性、可预测性和灵活性,依据案件事实选择合适的划界方法。在适用三阶段方法进行海洋划界时,为最终实现公平划界结果,有必要充分考虑各种划定临时分界线的方法,将影响划界的相关情况贯穿案件始终予以考虑,加强对临时分界线的调整依据、调整方法以及涉及的科学技术等内容的客观解释,避免比例检测沦为国际司法机构的自证工具。

The international maritime delimitation has always insisted on achieving the goal of equitable demarcation and is also seeking certainty in demarcation.The three- stage approach,as the latest development of maritime delimitation methods,balances the relationship between certainty and flexibility of demarcation to some extent.However,in practice,the international judiciary has clearly over-inclined the definitive demarcation of the demarcation,treated the three-stage method as the standard method of maritime delimitation,and over-emphasized the value of its tools in the demarcation process.There are many problems with this method.The maritime delimitation must be guided by the results of fair demarcation,taking into account the certainty,predictability and flexibility of maritime delimitation.It is necessary for the international judiciary to select appropriate demarcation methods based on the facts of the case.When selecting the three-stage method and in order to achieve the final result of fair demarcation,it is necessary to fully consider the various methods of delineating the temporary demarcation line,the relevant situation affecting the demarcation will always be considered throughout the case to avoid proportional detection,strengthen the rationale for the adjustment of the temporary boundary line,the adjustment method and the scientific and technical aspects involved,and avoid the probabilistic testing becoming a self-certifying tool for international jurisdictions.