我国竞技体育市场化改革:制度变迁的阶段划分、变迁特征及其启示

Marketization Reform of Competitive Sports in China: Stages, Characteristics and Enlightenment of Institutional Change

总结历史旨在镜鉴未来,为进一步提高我国竞技体育市场化改革水平,理顺其时代脉络、分析其改革特征就显得尤为重要。为此,运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,对我国竞技体育市场化改革制度变迁的阶段划分与特征表现以及由此产生的启示进行了分析。研究得出:我国竞技体育市场化改革可以认为是一场制度变迁。按照制度的供需关系,我国竞技体育市场化改革制度变迁可分为准备期、起步期、暂缓期、突破期和深化期五个阶段。其特征主要表现为:变迁方向上,市场开放度逐渐提高,政府主导路径依赖痕迹显著;变迁模式上,通过自上而下的强制与自下而上的需求诱致结合所致;变迁动因上,相关利益主体围绕自身利益展开的博弈为根本因素,内因和外因共同发挥作用;变迁节奏上,表现为弹性式的渐进边际调整。最后提出:我国竞技体育市场化改革应对举国体制给予辩证扬弃,着重围绕市场这一发展主线,改革进程中应彰显一定的人文关怀并以各方利益的共赢共享为其诉求。

To review the history of the marketization of competitive sports in China helps further the reform the competitive sports market. The analysis of stages and characteristics of institutional changes showed that the competitive market experienced the preparatory , initial, bottleneck, acceleration and deepening stages. The market became more transparent and it was still mainly dominated by the government. The market was pushed forward by the top-down control, bottom-up needs and game between the stakeholders through elastic progressive margin adjustment. The reform of the competitive market should centre around the government dominant system and take into consideration of humanistic concern and of win-win cooperation based on interests of all parties.