清代武状元徐开业勋名考辨

Research on Xu Kaiye’s Title in Qing Dynasty

徐开业是清朝嘉庆二十四年殿试一甲一名武进士,即武状元。他因传胪迟误,事后被嘉庆帝“革去一甲一名并头等侍卫”,但“仍留武进士”。从制度层面考量,他大魁天下、名列第一,是这一科真正的武状元。清廷和民间也一直把他作为状元看待,清代地方志均明文记载他是殿试一甲一名武进士或武状元。根据小《金榜》《清实录》等历史文献,徐开业状元及第,证据确凿,他无辜遭厄,虽革仍留(很快起复并委以要职),在中国一千多年科举史上,也属罕见,近年引发争议,更值得重视和辨析。

Xu Kaiye was a Wu Zhuang Yuan ( first in the imperial examinations for military personnel) in the 24th year of Jia Qing Reign of the Qing Dynasty. As he had been late for the declaration of the result of the imperial examination, Xu was deprived of the title of fist place and position of first class imperial guard, but remaining his title of imperial examinee. His title was the result of the examination, recognized by the government and folk, documented by local chronicles, and other historical documents such as Xiao Jin Bang and Qing Shi Lu. His deprival and restoration was a rare phenomenon in the history of imperial examination in China for more than one thousand years. In recent years, it has aroused disagreements, which needs more attention and analysis.