论哈代小说中人与动物的伦理叙述

On Ethical Narrative of Human Beings and Animals in Hardy’s Novels

动物与人类的新关系改变了人类的道德观念,使哈代晚年的小说展现了伦理叙述的转向,体现了一种伦理叙述的新思考。审视其小说,尤其是分析《苔丝》受伦理驱动的动物再现的局限性,我们指出了维多利亚现实主义文学作品中动物描述所暗示的反人道主义思想,代表性作家哈代的创作亦由关注人类和动物的密切关系转向一种与人类自治、同情、责任相联系的叙述姿态,认为研究小说中同情与反人道主义的动物再现之间的关系具有重大意义。

The new dependence of animals to human beings modified the moral concept of human beings, which made Hardy's novels in his later years show the turn of ethical narrative and reflected a new thinking of ethical narrative. This paper aims to examine the limitations of ethically motivated representation of animals in Hardy's novels, especially in Tess , indicating the anti-humanist thought from the description of animals in Victorian realist literature. The representative writer Hardy's creation shifted from his concerns for close relationship between humans and animals to a distanced narrative stance associated with human autonomy, sympathy, and responsibility. The paper argues that it is of vital importance to explore the relationship between sympathy and the anti-humanist representation of animals in novels.