口传历史与图腾崇拜——攀枝花市白灵山地区傈僳族龙崇拜个案调查研究

History Passed down by Word of Mouth and Totem Worship——A Case Study on Lisu People’s Worship of Dragon Totem in Bailing Mountain Area of Panzhihua

文化自信的建立,其前提是必须要有文化,没有民族文化,就谈不上文化自信,所以要调查、研究,通过细致的工作,理清民族文化的根源和现实的存况。傈僳族是氐羌的一支在民族迁徙过程中形成的,由于没有文字,傈僳族的历史文化依靠口口相传得以延续。在傈僳族的口传的故事或祭祀经中,可以很清晰地解读出傈僳族有着祖先崇拜、葫芦崇拜等信息,而傈僳族祖先崇拜和葫芦崇拜,其本质就是龙图腾崇拜。白灵山地区及其周边地域傈僳族的葫芦笙文化、祭龙习俗、以及无处不在的"龙迹"等是傈僳族龙图腾崇拜的精神创造及民族特质的重要组成部分。

The construction of cultural confidence relies on the existence of cultures. The absence of national cultures results in the absence of cultural confidence. Therefore, meticulous investigations and studies are required in sorting out the origins and practical situations of ethnic cultures. Lisu ethnic group is a branch of the Diqiang nationality, formed in the process of ethnic migration, owing to the absence of written language, historical culture of Lisu people was passed down by word of mouth. According to the various oral stories and sacrificial scriptures of Lisu people, ancestor worship and gourd worship can be found and interpreted explicitly, practically worships of ancestors and gourd are equivalent to the worship of dragon totem. In Bailing Mountain area and its surrounding areas, Lisu's gourd and Sheng culture, dragon sacrifice custom, and the ubiquitous "dragon traces" constitute an important part of Lisu people's ethnic characteristic and spiritual creation of dragon totem worship.