我国刑事再审程序启动实体限制规则研究

On the Substantive Restriction Rules of Initiating the Criminal Retrial Procedure in China

由于我国刑事再审程序未设计严格程序规则、实体规则与证据规则,刑事司法实践中刑事再审程序启动随意,加之未对"有利被追诉者再审"与"不利被追诉者再审"进行区分,刑事再审程序对被追诉人权利构成极大威胁。应区分实体法中的犯罪事实与程序法中的犯罪事实,以公诉事实的指向与裁判事实的效力为逻辑起点,以刑事诉讼法中之犯罪事实单一性、同一性为理论工具,对我国刑事再审"事实"与已裁决"事实"进行对比分析,并在此基础上构建我国刑事再审程序启动的实体限制规则。

Due to lacking of the strict procedural rules,substantive rules and evidence rules,the criminal retrial procedure is initiated randomly in criminal justice practice in China.Besides,there is no distinction between“retrial to the advantage of prosecutors”and“retrial to the disadvantage of prosecutors”.Therefore,the criminal retrial procedure poses a great threat to the rights of the accused.To solve the above problem,it is necessary to distinguish the criminal facts in the substantive law from the criminal facts in the procedural law.Taking the direction of the public prosecution facts and the validity of the adjudicative facts as the logical starting point,and using the criminal facts unicity and identity in the criminal procedure law as the theoretical tools,the“facts”in criminal retrial procedure and the“facts”adjudicated should be analyzed comparatively.And on this basis,the substantive restriction rules of initiating the criminal retrial procedure should be constructed in China.