中国式养老:城市社区居家养老研究

Chinese-style Aged Care Model:Urban Community Home Care Research

文章探讨了托老服务"叫好不叫座"现象背后的原因,总结了"虚拟养老院"成功的经验、特点和优势,分析了专业养老社区的成败、利弊以及社区服务的类别、作用和方向。文章认为养老的服务职能社会化、服务地点社区化、服务机制市场化和服务联结网络化是打破我国养老困局的基本路向。社区养老的市场化和产业化主体属于社会企业,其发展不能离开"养老事业高于养老产业""养老福祉高于养老利润"和"养老的社会效益高于养老的经济效益"三个前提。未富先老、未备先老的中国要探索有本土特色的"低成本—高品质—广福祉"的依托社区、整合资源的现代化养老方式,即通过社区养老、助老服务实现多数老年人的"在地老化"之梦——安养、乐活和善终。

This paper discusses the reasons for the phenomenon of the aged-care service being“highly valued but unpopular”,summarizes the successful experience,characteristics and advantages of the“virtual nursing home”,analyzes the pros and cons of professional aged-care community and the category,role and direction of community service.The article holds that the socializedaged-care service operation,localized community service,marketwise service mechanism and the connected network service are the basic ways to break the aged-caredilemma in China.The main body of marketization and industrialization of community-based aged-care service belongs to social enterprises.There are three prerequisites for its development:“age-care serviceis more important than the industry”“the aged-care benefit is more important than the service profit”and“the social benefit of aged-care service is more important than the service economic benefit”.China is not rich and not prepared before it becomes anaged society,therefore,it should explore a modernized approach to aged-care service with our special features of being“low cost,high quality,wide coverage”based on the integrated community resources,through community age-care service to realize the dream of“on-site aging”for most elderly people,forsafety,easy living and good ending.