我国基本养老金调整机制存在问题及优化策略研究

Research and Optimization Strategy of Existing Problems in China’s Basic Pension Adjustment Mechanism

[目的/意义]养老金调整机制是我国基本养老保险的重要组成部分,是我国收入再分配的重要环节,对我国退休职工的生活有着十分重要的影响。经历了养老金的不断上调后,我国的养老金调整机制日趋成熟,但仍存在地区间待遇调整差异大、缺乏有效激励和公平等问题,导致中国养老金替代率逐年下降,影响了退休职工的生活质量,增加了政府的经济负担。研究养老金调整机制可以更好地实现养老金的合理分配,确保我国退休人员的基本生活质量,维护社会稳定,促进经济发展。[方法/过程]本文回顾了以往对养老金调整机制的研究成果,收集了近几年养老金调整机制运营的成果数据,并针对目前存在的问题,提出了优化策略。[结果/结论]我国养老金需要协调好城镇企业、机关事业单位退休人员和城乡居民养老金三者的关系,同时建立政府财政投入的长效机制及制度化的正常调整机制,实行分段延迟退休的政策,实现养老保险基金的保值增值。

[Purpose/Significance]The pension adjustment mechanism is an important part of China's basic endowment insurance,and it is an important part of China’s income redistribution,which has a very important impact on the life of retirees in China.After the continuous increase of pensions,China’s pension adjustment mechanism is becoming more and more mature.However,there exist some problems such as large differences in treatment adjustment between regions and lack of effective incentives and fairness.As a result,the replacement rate of pensions in China has been declining year by year,which affectsthe quality of life of retirees and increases the economic burden of the government.Studying the pension adjustment mechanism can better realize the rational distribution of pensions,ensure the basic quality of life of retirees in China,maintain social stability,and promote economic development.[Method/Process]This paper reviews the previous research of pension adjustment mechanism,collects the results data of the operation of pension adjustment mechanism in recent years,and proposes an optimization strategy for existing problems.[Result/Conclusion]China’s pensioninstitution needs to coordinate the relationship between urban enterprises,retirees of agencies and public institutions,and pensions for urban and rural residents.At the same time,it should establish a long-term mechanism for government financial input and institutionalized normal adjustment mechanism,implements a policy of delaying retirement in stages,and increases the value of pension insurance fund.