美国养老服务研究热点的可视化分析

Research hotspot visualized analysis of American pension service

[目的]了解近25年美国养老服务的研究热点,探析研究的现状和发展趋势。[方法]以"Web of Science^(TM)核心合集"数据库中1993年—2017年发表的养老服务文献中的主题词作为研究对象,利用CiteSpace软件展现近25年美国养老服务关键词共现知识图谱。[结果] 1993年—1997年美国养老服务研究热点为护理院护理质量、农村老年人养老、老年痴呆护理、退休社区;1998年—2002年研究热点为养老院员工管理、老年人全面护理项目、自然形成退休社区、残疾人长期护理、老年人营养服务、老年人心理服务;2003年—2007年研究热点为持续护理退休社区、临终关怀、残疾老年人服务、家庭照顾、老年人预防保健服务;2008年—2012年研究热点为生活协助型养老社区、家庭和社区服务、老年人退休、智慧养老、老年人抑郁症;2013年—2017年研究热点为养老院文化变革、公共住房老年人精神需求、长期护理个案管理、互助养老村庄模式、生产性老龄化、残疾老年人成功老龄化。[结论]纵观近25年美国养老服务的发展,美国养老服务研究热点已从提高养老机构的护理质量、重视培养养老护理人才,转变为注重老年人精神卫生服务和创新养老模式,最后发展为提供个性化养老服务、挖掘老年人潜能、保证老年人成功老龄化。

Objective: To understand the research hotspots of American pension service in the past 25 years, and to explore the current situation and development trend of the research. Methods: Subject words from literatures on elderly care services published from 1993 to 2017 in the database of "Web of Science TM " were taken as research objects.And CiteSpace software was used to present the knowledge map of keywords co-occurrence of elderly care services in the United States over the past 25 years. Results: The research hotspots of pension services in 1993─1997 were quality of nursing home care,rural elderly endowment,dementia care,retirement community;In 1998─2002,they were nursing home staff management,the elderly comprehensive care project,naturally occurring retirement communities,long-term care for the disabled elderly,the elderly nutrition service and psychological care;In 2003─2007,they were continuing care retirement community,hospice care,the disabled elderly service,family care,preventive care in the elderly;In 2008─2012,they were assisted Living community for the aged,family and community service,the elderly retirement,wisdom endowment,the elderly depression;In 2013─2017,they were culture changing of nursing homes,mental needs of elderly in public housing,long-term care case management,village model of mutual assistance for the aged,productive aging,successful aging of disabled elderly. Conclusions: Throughout the past 25 years,the research focuses development of US pension services were from improving the nursing quality and attaching importance to the cultivation of nursing talents,to pay attention to mental health services and innovation pattern of the elderly endowments.Finally,they developed to provide personalized pension service,excavate potential of the elderly,and guarantee the elderly successful aging.