microRNA-378与肿瘤血管生成的研究进展

Research Progress of microRNA-378 and Tumor Angiogenesis

微小RNA(MicroRNAs,mi RNAs)是真核生物中一类长度约为21到23个核苷酸的非编码小分子单链RNA。mi RNA通过与靶m RNA 3′UTR(3′-untranslated region,3′非编码区)完全或不完全结合,抑制翻译或直接诱导其降解,发挥转录后负调控作用。mi RNA参与机体多种生理和病理过程,且可通过调控其靶标基因参与各种信号通路,影响血管生成。mi R-378属于诸多mi RNAs中的一种。目前已知mi R-378的研究主要集中在肿瘤发生及血管生成、心血管疾病和脑缺血等病理过程,其中与肿瘤发生及血管生成相关研究居多。mi R-378在不同肿瘤中的发挥的作用也不一样,在脑胶质瘤,肺癌,横纹肌肉瘤等肿瘤中发挥促癌基因的作用,在卵巢癌,胃癌,大肠癌等肿瘤中发挥抑癌基因的作用。但是,mi R-378调节肿瘤血管生成的作用机制还有待于深入研究。本文主要对mi R-378在四种肿瘤(脑胶质瘤、肺腺癌、卵巢癌和横纹肌肉瘤)中调控血管生成的相关性研究进展进行综述,以期为这些疾病的治疗和预防提供一种新的思路。

MicroRNAs(mi RNAs) are non-coding small-molecule single-stranded RNAs of approximately 21 to 23 nucleotides in length in eukaryotes. The mi RNA inhibits translation or directly induces degradation by completely or incompletely binding to the target m RNA 3’UTR(3’-untranslated region, 3’ non-coding region), and exerts a negative post-transcriptional regulation. Numerous studies have shown that mi RNAs participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes in the body, and can affect angiogenesis by regulating their target genes to participate in signaling pathways. MiR-378 is one of the families of mi RNAs. At present,mi R-378 is mainly studied in the pathogenesis of tumorigenesis and angiogenesis, cardiovascular disease and cerebral ischemia, and most of the studies related to tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. MiR-378 plays a different role in different tumor tissues, and plays a role as a tumor-promoting gene in glioma, lung cancer, rhabdomyosarcoma, etc., and acts as a tumor suppressor gene in tumors such as ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer. However, the mechanism by which miR-378 regulates tumor angiogenesis remains to be further studied. This study mainly introduces the progress of miR-378 in the regulation of angiogenesis in four tumors(glioma, lung adenocarcinoma, ovarian cancer and rhabdomyosarcoma), providing a new idea for the treatment and prevention of these diseases.