全面“停伐”后国有林区居民主观福祉影响因素分析

Analysis on the Determinants of Subjective Well-being of Residents in the State-owned Forest Areas after the Implement of “Logging-Ban” Policy

基于2017年国家林业局和东北林业大学联合开展的"重点国有林区改革监测"项目的数据,建立结构方程模型对国有林区居民主观福祉的影响因素及其关系进行实证分析。结果表明:因子分析验证了国有林区居民主观福祉模型的合理性;全面停伐政策满意度是影响国有林区居民主观福祉的重要因素;个体状况、社会状况、家庭关系满意度、邻里关系满意度、个体满意度、社会保障变化和生活水平变化都对国有林区居民的主观福祉具有显著的正向影响;收入和就业仍然是影响国有林区居民主观福祉的关键因素。全面"停伐"政策对国有林区居民的影响主要不是现实的,而是心理上潜在的。因此,建议重点关注转岗分流职工,消除其对就业、保险的担忧;特别要关注在册不在岗职工的就业问题,有针对性地采取相关措施保障其就业;通过社区平台加强国有林区管理部门与国有林区居民的沟通,以便增强国有林区居民未来生活信心。

⑴ Background-- In 2015,key state-owned forest areas carried out a “Logging-Ban” policy to completely stop commercial forest harvesting,which is an important decision made by the state to restore forest resources,build a complete forest ecosystem and ensure the ecological security of the country.The “Logging-Ban” policy is to provide more ecological benefits for the residents of state-owned forest areas and improve people s livelihood and welfare.⑵ Methods-- The data were collected from the survey project of “Key State-owned Forest Region Reform Monitoring” jointly carried out by the State Forestry Administration and Northeast Forestry University in 2017.Through the scale design and field questionnaire survey,a structural equation model for studying the subjective well-being of residents in state-owned forest areas was constructed to study the factors affecting the subjective well-being of residents in state-owned forest areas.⑶ Results-- The standardized factor loads of observable variables such as individual satisfaction,family relationship satisfaction,neighborhood relationship satisfaction,employment change,living standard change,social security change,and income change respectively are 0.715,0.683,0.674,0.701,0.802,0.672 and 0.716,and the standardized factor loads of personal conditions and social conditions respectively are 0.344 and 0.496.The satisfaction of the “Logging-Ban” policy is an important factor affecting the subjective well-being of residents in state-owned forest areas;Both individual and social conditions have a significant positive impact on the subjective well-being of residents in state-owned forest areas,and the impact of social conditions is greater;Family relationship satisfaction,neighborhood relationship satisfaction,individual satisfaction,social security changes,and changes in living standards all have positive effects on subjective well-being;Income and employment are still the key factors affecting the subjective well-being of residents in state-owned forest areas.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions-- Compared with their individual status,residents of state-owned forest areas are more concerned about changes in their social security,income,and employment after carrying out the “Logging-Ban” policy,which has a greater impact on their subjective well-being.In fact,the “Logging-Ban” policy has little real impact on the life of residents of state-owned forest areas with forestry workers as the mainstay.From the perspective of the impact mechanism of employee income,the wages of forestry workers are derived from the National Forest Conservation Program (NFCP),while NFCP funds are not affected by the “Logging-Ban” policy.Although some forestry workers have been transferred to other posts and resettled due to the policy,there is no layoff.Therefore,the impact of “Logging-Ban” policy on the residents of state-owned forest areas is not realistic,but psychologically potential.Suggestions are as follows:We should maintain the prosperity and stability of state-owned forest areas to give the forest residents a psychologically stable sense of gain.For the on-the-job employees,their wages and incomes are guaranteed by NFCP.Emphasis should be placed on those workers who are transferred to other posts,and their work should be properly arranged to eliminate their worries about income,employment and endowment insurance.For those workers who are not on-the-job,special attention should be paid to this group as well as their employment.The piecemeal production tasks such as forest tending should be properly tilted towards this group and they can be arranged to do more of this kind of work.