黄河下游滩地土地利用/覆盖现状及影响因素分析

Land Use/Cover and Influence Factors in the Lower Yellow River

以黄河下游滩地为研究对象,根据2015—2017年卫星遥感影像,采取人工解译方法,利用GIS技术,得到研究区土地利用/覆盖的类型分布。结合社会经济统计数据,分析影响黄河下游桃花峪至高村段宽滩区土地利用/覆盖的因素。结果表明,黄河下游滩区土地利用/覆盖以非设施耕地为主,占77.99%,其次是居民点自然村,占6.63%。游荡段河道的平均宽度、滩区面积与自然村、工矿仓储地等土地利用面积均大于过渡段与窄河段,窄河段设施农业与鱼塘面积大于过渡段。黄河下游土地利用类型整体上较少,结构单一,其分布受黄河大堤和河槽的双重胁迫作用。影响宽滩区土地利用/覆盖的主要因素是滩区的面积、周边城市发展的吸引力和滩区的水利设施。自然村、工矿仓储地、设施农业和砖瓦窑面积与滩区面积正相关;鱼塘和工矿仓储地倾向于出现在经济发展更高的区域,设施农业与工矿仓储地倾向于出现在离县城更近的滩区。

Based on the satellite remote sensing image of the lower Yellow River in 2015–2017, adopting the method of manual interpretation, with ArcGIS, the paper analyzes the present distribution of land use/cover type of the lower Yellow River. Based on social and economic statistics, analyze the factors are analyzed affecting the distribution of land use/cover in the lower Yellow River. The results show that the land use/cover on the lower reaches of the Yellow River is mainly used for development, among which the most priority is the cultivated land without facilities, which is accounting for 77.99%, followed by land for survival, accounting for 6.63%. The width of river, the area of the land, the village and the land for industry of the part from Taohuayu to Gaocun is more than that of other parts. The type of land use/cover of the lower Yellow River is quite simple. The area of the land of the lower Yellow River, the economic situation, the attraction of the city development and the water conservancy facilitie around affects land use/cover. The area of the village, the farm land with facilities and brickyard grows with the area of land. The fish ponds and the land for industry appear mostly in lands with better economic situation. Farm land with facilities and land for industry appear mostly in those lands near downtown.