快速城市化流域全氟化合物的污染特征及生态风险

Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risk of Perfluorinated Compounds in a Rapidly Urbanizing Catchment

为探究快速城市化地区城市河流中全氟化合物(PFCs)的污染特征,于枯水期和丰水期分别采集深圳市观澜河干流的表层水样,通过固相萃取法处理水样,并利用超高效液相色谱–三重四级杆串联质谱(UPLCESI-MS/MS)技术分析11种PFCs的含量。结果表明,丰水期和枯水期观澜河干流水体中PFCs的含量分别为179.15～613.68和37.04～103.70 ng/L。其中,全氟己烷磺酸(PFHxS)、全氟丁烷磺酸(PFBS)、全氟己酸(PFHxA)和全氟辛酸(PFOA)是主要污染物。所采集的样品中,丰水期PFCs的浓度高于枯水期,下游采样点PFCs的浓度高于上中游河段。与已报道的其他水体相比,由于流域的快速城市化,观澜河水体的PFCs含量水平较高。生态风险评估表明,水体中检出的PFCs均不会对水体造成生态风险。

To investigate the pollution characteristics of eleven perfluorinated compounds(PFCs) in a rapidly urbanizing catchment, water samples from the Guanlan River in Shenzhen were collected during the dry season and the wet season. All the samples were pretreated by solid-phase extraction and analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry with electron spray ionization(UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The results indicated that the concentrations of PFCs in the mainstream of Guanlan River during the wet season and dry season were 179.15–613.68 and 37.04–103.70 ng/L, respectively. Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid(PFHxS), perfluorobutane sulfonic acid(PFBS), perfluorohexanoic acid(PFHxA), and perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) were the predominant pollutants. The concentration of PFCs in the wet season was higher than that in the dry season, and the concentration of PFCs in the downstream was higher than that in the upper and middle stream. Compared with other water body in the world, the levels of PFCs in Guanlan River were relatively high due to the rapid urbanization in the region. The ecological risk of PFCs to aquatic organisms was neglectable.