山东凌河乡村人居林特征及变化研究

Characteristics and Changes of Rural Residential Forest in Linghe, Middle South of Shandong Province

以鲁中南乡村代表地区凌河镇为研究对象,选择13个新村与11个旧村作为研究样点展开实地植物调查与植物文化访谈,并对乡村人居林树冠覆盖率、植物景观和人文特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)2016年凌河镇所调查村庄整体树冠覆盖面积为1 213 875. 7 m^2,树冠覆盖率为10. 05%,较2012年有所下降,且新村下降幅度较大,新村平均树冠覆盖率由2012年的16. 86%下降至2016年的11. 18%,旧村平均树冠覆盖率由2012年的12. 50%下降至2016年的9. 07%。(2)新村与旧村的乡村人居林整体上呈现以杨树、日本樱花、白花泡桐、柿树、香椿、木瓜海棠和刺槐为主的植物景观,其中杨树为优势景观树种。与旧村相比,新村水岸林景观差异不大;庭院林杨树、白花泡桐、刺槐、国槐和垂柳景观减少,日本樱花、二球悬铃木、木瓜海棠和香椿景观增多,柿树景观保持稳定;道路林杨树、国槐、刺槐、垂柳和合欢植物景观减少,日本樱花、广玉兰、木瓜海棠、紫薇和二球悬铃木景观增多,柿树景观保持稳定。(3)乡村人居林整体人文特征包括审美观赏、食用补给和情感寓意3种类型,其中审美观赏和食用补给类型为新村与旧村庭院林首要需求,而情感寓意类型在庭院林、道路林和水岸林中逐步减少。

To investigate the characteristics and changes of rural residential forests of Linghe town,a typical rural area in mid-south of Shandong Province,13 new villages and 11 old villages as research objects were selected. Plant investigation and plant culture interview were carried out first,then the canopy coverage rate,plant landscape and human characteristics were analyzed,and finally these characteristics between new villages and old villages were compared. The results show that:(1)The overall canopy coverage of Linghe town was 1 213 875. 7 m^2 and canopy coverage rate was 10. 05% in 2016,which was lower than that in 2012;specifically from 16. 86% in 2012 to 11. 18% in 2016 in new villages while from 12. 50% in 2012 to 9. 07% in 2016 in old villages.(2)Populus spp.,Cerasus yedoensis,Paulownia fortunei,Diospyros kaki,Toona sinensis,Chaenomeles cathayensis,Robinia pseudoacacia dominated the overall rural landscape,where Populus spp. accounted for the majority. Besides,comparing to old villages,riparian view in new villages exhibited similar patterns. Populus spp.,Paulownia fortunei,Robinia pseudoacacia,Sophora japonica,Salix babylonicawere decreased in courtyard landscape,but Cerasus yedoensis,Platanus acerifolia,Chaenomeles cathayensis,Toona sinensis were increased in courtyard landscape,while Diospyros kaki kept stable in that. Moreover Populus spp.,Sophora japonica,Robinia pseudoacacia,Salix babylonica,Albizia julibrissin were decreased in road landscape,but Cerasus yedoensis,Magnolia grandiflora,Chaenomeles cathayensis,Lagerstroemia indica,Platanus acerifolia were increased in road landscape,while Diospyros kaki stayed the same in the road landscape.(3)Human characteristics of rural residential forest include three types,i. e.,aesthetic appreciation,food supplement and emotional implication. Amongst,aesthetic appreciation and food supplement were the primary needs of courtyard forests in new and old village,while emotional implication needs was gradually reduced in courtyard forests,road forests and riparian forests.