岗梅花粉活力 柱头可授性及种子发芽率研究

Pollen Viability,Stigma Receptivity and Seed Characteristics of Ilex asprella

目的:研究岗梅的花粉活力、柱头可授性和种子特性,为种子采收提供理论支持。方法:通过TTC(氯化三苯基四氮唑)染色法测定岗梅花粉活力、联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定岗梅柱头活性;田间调查岗梅花期、访问昆虫和传粉方法;沙盘发芽法检测岗梅种子发芽率。结果:岗梅雌雄异株,开花期9～13 d。雄花花药4～6枚,花粉数量为16 587～21 717个;雌花子房具有4～6心皮,每心皮仅有1枚胚珠。雄花花粉活力1～3 d,雌蕊柱头可授性为3～5 d。风媒为主,偶见东方蜜蜂、麻蝇;不存在无融合生殖现象。岗梅种子千粒质量和发芽率随种子采收期延迟而提高,岗梅种子发芽率与采收期和千粒质量相关性具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:降雨可能影响岗梅授粉和种子质量。

Objective: To study the pollen viability,stigma receptivity and seed characteristics of Ilex asprella for seeds collection. Methods: The pollen viability was measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC )method ,the stigma receptivity was detected by benzidine-H 2 O 2 method,the flowers periods,insect visitor and pollinating method were investigated in fields, and seed germination rate were measured in wet sand. Results: I.asprella was dioecious,flowering date was about 9-13 day.The male flowers have anthers 4-6 ,and the pollen number were about 16,587-21,717.The pistiuate flowers have carpels 4-6 carpels with one ovuleeach.The pollen viability was about 1-3 day and stigma receptivity was about 3-5 day.The flowers were anemophilous flower , Apis cerana Fabricius and Sarcophaga fuscicauda B ttcher present casually during pollination,the apomixis was not exist in plants.The thousand-grain weight and germination rates were improved as harvesting time delayed.The correlation was significant among harvested time,thousand-grain weight and germination rate ( P <0.01 ). Conclusion : Rainfall probably affects the quality of pollination and seeds.