论唐代祈雨诗的民俗文化内涵

On Tang Dynasty’s Pray-for-rain Poetry’s Folk Cultural Features

在唐代祈雨文化中,民间信仰、祈雨形式丰富多样,民间多神崇拜风俗很盛行,反映了我国古人万物有灵的文化思想,以及对风调雨顺、幸福美好生活的向往和追求,其中对古代先圣良吏及当朝人物的崇拜,更是寄托着人们的善政理想与现实关切。同时,唐代祈雨诗也反映了唐代祈雨方式中的一些特殊文化现象,其中以镜祈雨反映出宗教文化思想对唐代祈雨习俗的影响,而“焚巫”“暴巫”以及鼍崇拜等祈雨习俗,则反映了唐代民间信仰及祈雨文化的丰富与多元。因此,唐代大量内容丰富的祈雨诗对唐代祈雨文化与习俗给予了生动表现或深刻反映,让我们对唐代社会风俗与民间信仰有了更为直观的感受,从而使这些诗歌也具有一定的“诗史”价值。

In Tang dynasty’s pray-for-rain culture,people had rich and diversified beliefs and forms and polytheistic worships were popular among the folks. These phenomena represent ancient Chinese people’s animistic thinking and their pursuit for favorable weathers and a happy life. Their worship to ancestral wise men and past and present good officials express their wish for good governance and their concern about contemporary conditions. The pray-for-rain poetry during Tang dynasty reflect some special features of the time. Using mirrors to pray for rain reflects reli. gious influence on their customs;“burning witches”,“scorching witches in the sun”,and alliga. tor worshiping exemplify the folks’various beliefs and customs related to praying for rain. The large number of pray-for-rain poems vividly depict the culture and customs of the time and give today’s readers an intuitive perception,and thus have the value of“the history of poetry”.