日汉结果复合动词的构词特征比较研究

Comparison of Word Formation between Japanese and Chinese Resultative Compound Verbs

日汉两语中都存在表示“动作-结果”的结果复合动词形式,但不同语言间的结果复合动词在构词成分及前后项结合形式上存在异同。第一,日语结果复合动词的构词成分必须为动词,而汉语结果复合动词的构词成分除了动词外,还包括部分形容词;第二,日语结果复合动词的后项动词不能为“非作格动词”,而汉语中则可以;第三,日语结果复合动词中存在“非宾格动词+及物动词”的结合形式,但汉语中不存在。本文认为,产生上述差异的原因主要在于日汉两语结果复合动词在CAUSE的存在方式以及自他形态标示上不同。

There are resultative compound verbs in both Japanese and Chinese,but the resultative compound verb in different languages has similarities and differences in the word formation.Firstly,the composition of the Japanese compound verbs must be a verb,and the Chinese compound verbs consists of some adjectives except the verb;secondly,the latter verb of the Japanese compound verbs can not be a“unergative verb”,while the Chinese can be used;finally,There is a combination of unaccusative verb and transitive verb in Japanese compound verb,but it does not exist in Chinese.The reason for these differences is different word formation rules of compound verbs between Japanese and Chinese.