空巢VS.满堂:居住安排对城市老年人心理健康的影响机制——基于上海市的实证分析

“Empty Nest”or“All under One Roof”: The Influence Mechanism of Living Arrangement on Mental Health of Urban Elderly——An empirical study based on Shanghai Data

居住安排涉及老年人的生活方式和养老状况,与其生活质量紧密相关。老年人对理想居住安排的期待随着家庭结构的变化而转变,一定程度上体现了我国养老文化的变迁。本研究基于“2013年上海市老年人口状况与意愿调查”,通过回归分析检验居住安排对老年人心理健康的影响,探讨“空巢”以及“三代同堂”两种居住方式对老年人心理健康状况的影响。同时,引入婚姻状况满意度与子女支持满意度作为中介变量,从婚姻关系与代际关系角度探究居住安排对老年人心理健康的影响机制。分析结果显示:第一,与跟配偶及子女一起居住相比,只和配偶居住对老年人生活满意度具有独立的正向作用;第二,只和配偶居住的老年人在婚姻、子女支持两方面满意度更高,从而间接提高了其生活满意度。城市空巢的居住方式应该被重新认识,只和配偶居住的老年人生活自主性更高、婚姻关系更好、与子女间的代际摩擦较少,从而更有可能在心理健康方面表现出优势。

Living arrangement involving life style and situation of the elderly,which is closely related to their quality of life. Changing along with family structure,the expectation of perfect living arrangement of the elderly is different from the past which reflects that the cultural of supporting the elderly in our country is undergoing transformation in form. Base on the date of Population Situation and Intention Survey of the Elderly in Shanghai 2013,this study examines the effect of living arrangement on mental health of the urban elderly by regression,in order to explore the relative effect of "Empty nest"and "All in one roof"on mental health of the elderly. Meanwhile,introduces marital satisfaction and intergenerational relationship satisfaction as mediators to explain the influencing mechanism from the perspective of family relations. Results show that,firstly, living with spouse only has direct positive influence on life satisfaction. Secondly,living with spouse only has indirect positive influence on mental health since the elderly could obtain higher marriage and intergenerational support satisfaction. Urban empty nest should be re-evaluated. Urban Empty-nester own higher life autonomy,better relationship with spouse while less family conflict with children,so they may have more advantages on mental health.