创伤经历与亲社会行为的关系及机制评述

The Relationship between Traumatic Experience and Prosocial Behavior,and its Mechanism

本文聚焦于创伤经历带来的积极后果——亲社会行为,对近些年来创伤与亲社会行为关系领域的研究进行了回顾梳理。首先,从个体经历创伤性事件后亲社会行为的增长,以及助人职业者相似的创伤经历两方面论证了创伤经历与亲社会行为之间的联系;其次,介绍了“源自苦难的利他”理论模型的主要观点及对二者关系的阐释,并在此基础上结合亲社会领域最新的研究成果,从情绪、认知、行为和环境四个维度提出了可能的心理机制,包括缓解消极情绪和共情,寻求意义和社会地位,互惠规范和社会学习,劣势处境和敬畏感;最后,文章对该研究领域未来的发展方向、理论与现实意义及文化的调节作用进行了分析和讨论。

This article focuses on prosocial behavior,one of the positive effects of traumatic experience. Research about the trauma and prosocial behavior in recent years were reviewed. Firstly,the positive relation between traumatic experience and prosocial behavior was demonstrated from evidence of two areas,which were increase of individuals’ prosocial behavior after traumatic events and the similar traumatic experience of helping professionals. Secondly,main viewpoints of a theoretical model about suffering and altruism called Altruism Born of Suffering was introduced. Thirdly,combining this model and latest research on prosocial behavior,psychological mechanism between trauma and prosocial could be classified into four domains,which were emotion,cognition,behavior and situation. Specifically speaking, the mechanisms were relieving negative state,empathy,searching for meaning,pursuing social status,reciprocity norms,social learning,disadvantage situation and awe. At last,future direction,theoretical and practical implications,moderating effect of culture were discussed.