兼业对农户种粮技术效率的影响研究——基于随机前沿生产函数的实证

The Impact of Part-time Business on Technical Efficiency of Farmer's Grain Planting: An Empirical Study based on Stochastic Frontier Analysis

为了检验兼业对农户种粮技术效率的影响,基于农户的微观调查数据,本文运用超效率生产函数形式的随机前沿生产函数法测算农户种粮技术效率,基于Tobit模型实证分析农户种粮技术性效率的影响因素。研究发现:农户种粮的技术效率损失主要来源于管理误差,专业农户种粮技术效率显著高于兼业农户;投入要素产出弹性的排序为生产性资金>劳动力>土地,劳动力与生产性资金、土地与生产性资金之间存在要素替代关系;兼业、土地细碎化降低了农户种粮技术效率,而粮食播种面积、身体健康条件、参加种粮技术培训增加了农户种粮技术效率。因此,需要有序引导低技术效率的兼业农户退出粮食种植,定期开展针对农户的种粮技术培训,完善农机社会化服务市场,并提升农民技术、管理等方面的信息获取能力。

In order to test the influence of part-time business on the technical efficiency of farmer′s grain planting, based on the micro-survey data of peasant households, this paper used the stochastic frontier production function method in the form of super-efficiency production function to measure the technical efficiency of farmer′s grain planting. Then, based on the Tobit model, it analyzed the influence factors of technical efficiency. Results show that the loss of farmer′s technical efficiency mainly comes from management errors,and the technical efficiency of specialized farmer′s grain planting is significantly higher than part-time farmer′s;the order of input factor output elasticity is productive capital>labor force>land,and there is substitution relationship between labor force and productive capital, land and productive capital;part-time business and land fragmentation reduce the technical efficiency,while grain sowing area, condition of health and participating in the technical training improve the technical efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to guide part-time farmers to withdraw from grain cultivation, regularly carry out technical training for farmers, improve the market of agricultural machinery socialized service, and enhance farmers′ ability to acquire information in technology and management.