我国海洋保护地现状、问题及发展对策

Current Status,Facing Problems,Countermeasures and Suggestions of China′s Marine Protected Areas

随着我国海洋经济的不断发展,沿海地区的海洋环境和生态系统面临的压力不断加剧。海洋保护地作为海洋生态环境管理的有效手段,近30年来被广泛应用于海洋生物多样性和生态系统保护,取得了显著的成就和效果。文章通过对我国海洋保护地的建设情况进行系统研究,阐述了海洋保护地的发展现状和管理体制,重点剖析了海洋保护地管理和建设过程中面临的缺乏顶层设计、管理能力和管护条件弱、管理人才和资金少、空间发展不平衡等问题,在建设以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系的新形势下,为我国海洋保护地的发展提出了健全海洋保护地管理制度体系、构建海洋保护地网络体系、加强海洋保护地管理能力建设和加强海洋保护地宣传教育等对策建议。

Pressure on marine environment and ecosystem of coastal area is aggravated along with the rapid development of marine economy.Marine protected area (MPA),as an effective way of marine ecological environment management,has been extensively utilized in marine biodiversity and ecosystem conservations in past 30 years.Base on systematic study on MPA,this paper explained status of development and management system of MPA,analyzed the confronting problem for management and construction of MPA,like lack of top-level design,weakness in management capability and condition,less management personnel and capital investment,and unbalance in spatial distribution.Under the new situation of building the natural protected area system with national park as main body,countermeasures and suggestions for development of MPA were put forward,such as perfecting the management system,constructing the MPA network system,strengthening the management capacity building,and enhancing the publicity and education.