中外绿色金融制度对比及其启示

Comparison of green financial system between China and foreign countries and its enlightenment

健全的绿色金融体系不仅可以提升金融系统的环境风险管理水平,而且可以增强经济可持续发展能力。与西方发达国家相比,我国绿色金融体系起步较晚、发展缓慢,并且在构建思想和发展模式上差异明显:在指导思想上,国外采用“自下而上”的市场推动,我国采用“自上而下”的行政推动;在项目全程审查方式上,国外侧重事中审查,我国侧重事前审批为主、事中审查为辅;在项目筛选标准上,国外采用排放标准,我国采用行业标准;在项目监控主体上,国外采取第三方监管模式,我国采用政府监管模式。我国需要借鉴国际成功经验,以“强化市场引导、改进融资项目遴选模式、明确监管责任、完善激励机制”为切入点,进一步健全绿色金融体制。

The sound green financial system not only improves the environmental risk management level of financial system,but also promotes the sustainable economic development.Compared with the Western developed countries,China starts late and develops slowly in green financial system.In addition,there exist obvious differences in construction thought and development mode of green financial system between China and the Western developed countries.In the guiding ideology,foreign countries adopt the market-driven mode of “bottom-up” while China adopts the administrative pushing mode of “top-down”. In the whole process of the project review,the foreign countries focus on the in-project review while China pays attention to the pre-project review with the in-project review as supplement.In the project screening criteria,the foreign countries adopt the emission standards while China adopts the industry standards.In the subject of project monitoring,foreign countries adopt the third party supervision mode while China adopts the government supervision mode.China needs to draw on the successful experience of other countries to perfect the green financial system by strengthening the market guidance,improving the selection of financing project,clarifying the regulatory responsibility and enhancing the incentive mechanism.