不同冬闲绿肥轮作处理对玉米生长和产量指标的影响

Effects of Different Winter and Leisure Green Manure Rotation on Maize Growth and Yield Indices

为了明确绿肥植物的培肥效果,以‘郑单958’为材料,研究了二月兰(Orychophragmus violaceus)、毛苕(Vicia villosa Roth)、草木樨(Melilotus officinalis L.)、黑麦(Secale cereale L.)、冬油菜(Brassica campestris L.)、红三叶(Trifolium pratense)和多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)以及二月兰+毛苕、黑麦+毛苕等9个冬闲绿肥植物还田处理对玉米株高、茎粗、总生物量、籽粒产量和收获指数的影响,以冬闲处理作为对照。结果表明:与冬闲处理相比,除黑麦、毛苕、二月兰+毛苕处理外,其他绿肥还田处理均可提高玉米株高,提高范围2.52%～4.84%;各绿肥还田处理均可提高玉米茎粗、总生物量(秸秆+籽粒)和籽粒产量,增幅分别为2.43%～33.01%,1.81%～18.98%,2.57%～15.12%,分别以二月兰+毛苕、二月兰+毛苕和黑麦处理增幅最大;二月兰、草木樨和黑麦+毛苕处理可提高玉米收获指数,其中以黑麦+毛苕处理收获指数最高。因不同处理对后茬作物——玉米的影响不同,故在实际生产中应根据实际用途选择适宜的冬闲绿肥进行轮作。

In order to clarify the fertilizer effect of green manure plants, the experiment was conducted with'Zhengdan 958', nine winter and leisure green manure rotation treatments were set, including Orychophragmus violaceus, Vicia villosa Roth, Melilotus officinalis L., Secale cereale L., Brassica campestris L., Trifolium pratense, Lolium perenne L., O. violaceus +V. villosa, and S. cereal + V. villosa, the winter leisure treatment was as the control, the plant height, stem diameter, total biomass, and grain yield of rotation maize were measured, and the harvest index was calculated. The results showed that compared with the control, the plant height of maize was increased by 2.52%~4.84% in the green manure treatments except the treatments of S. cereale, V. villosa and O. violaceus +V. villosa;the stem diameter, total biomass, and grain yield of maize were increased by 2.43%~33.01%, 1.81%~18.98%, 2.57%~15.12%, in which the highest values were in the treatments of O. violaceus +V. villosa, O. violaceus +V. villosa, and S. cereal, respectively;the harvest index of maize was increased by the treatments of O. violaceus, M. officinalis, S. cereal + V. villosa, and the treatment of S. cereal + V. villosa had the highest harvest index. In conclusion, different green manure rotation had different effects on maize growth and yield, it is necessary to select suitable green manure for winter fallow rotation according to the practical use in practical production.