叶尔羌河流域下游土壤的盐渍化特征分析

Analysis on Salinization Soil Characteristics of Lower Reaches of Yeerqiang River Basin

以新疆叶尔羌河流域下游麦盖提县为研究区,采用地统计学等方法,对该区域土壤盐分特征、盐渍化程度及养分状况等进行了分析。结果表明:试验区土壤盐渍化类型以亚硫酸盐渍土为主,其盐渍化程度属于极重盐土,其总盐含量沿着剖面自上而下极显著下降(P<0.01),但土壤表层(0～20 cm)样地间差异不显著(P>0.05),其pH值(7.91～8.97)呈碱性;其土壤容重在1.42～1.91 g·cm^(-3)范围内,沿着剖面自上而下逐渐递减;土壤养分指标速效钾、有效磷和有机质及8种离子在土层间差异均显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01);表层(0～20 cm)土壤总盐与土壤养分指标及8种离子含量间均存在不同程度的显著正相关(P<0.05),强弱顺序表现为Ca^(2+)>Na^+>K^+>HCO_3^->Mg^(2+)>Cl^->速效钾>SO_4^(2-)>CO_3^(2-)>有机质>有效磷。

In this study, the original salinization area in Maigaiti county was taken as the target area, and the soil salinity characteristics of soil salinization degree, soil nutrient status were analyzed by using the method of geostatistics related methods. The soil salinization type was dominated by sulfurous acid saline soil and its salinization degree belonged to extremely heavy saline soil. The total salt content was significantly decreased with the increase of soil depth (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference among different soil sample plots in topsoil (0~20 cm). The soil pH value (7.91~8.97) was alkaline. The bulk density of soil in different soil sample plots and different soil layers was 1.42~1.91 g·cm^-3, which was decreased with the increase of soil depth. The soil available K, available P, organic matter and the eight ions content was significantly different among different soil layers (P<0.05). There were different positive correlations between (0~20 cm) soil total salt and soil nutrition and 8 ion contents, and the correlation order was Ca^2+>Na^+>K^+>HCO3^->Mg^2+>Cl^->available K>SO4^2->CO3^2->organic matter>available P.