主动变结构悬架研究现状综述

Review on Active Geometry Suspension

悬架系统的各项性能要求互相影响和冲突。被动悬架在设计时会平衡各向性能指标,设计完成后难以依据行驶工况实时调节;可控悬架能依据工况动态调整悬架系统性能,给出了改善悬架性能的方法。可控悬架按其工作原理可分为全主动悬架、半主动悬架和主动变结构悬架。其中,主动变结构悬架是通过动态控制悬架几何结构来动态调节悬架性能,相比常见全/半主动悬架,能有效兼顾性能、效率和能耗;相比传统被动悬架,可以动态调整悬架系统性能,释放悬架潜能。本文按照执行方式将主动变结构悬架分为主动车轮外倾角、主动车轮前束角和主动弹簧减振器组位置三类,分别分析各自特点及发展现状,并从构型设计、控制系统及其智能网联化下的机遇与挑战三方面剖析了主动变结构悬架的发展趋势。

The suspension performance and requirements affect and conflict with each other. The passive suspension performance indexes are balanced in design, which is hard to adjust once it has been produced. And the controllable suspension can adjust suspension performance dynamically according to working conditions, and the suspension performance is improved. According to working principles, controllable suspensions can be divided into full active suspension, semi- active suspension and active geometry suspension, in which the active geometry suspension controls suspension performance via adjusting the suspension geometry dynamically. Compared with the common active suspension, it can effectively balance performance, efficiency and energy consumption. Compared with the traditional passive suspension, it can dynamically adjust system performance and release suspension potential. In this paper, the active geometry suspensions are divided into the active wheel camber, active wheel toe and active spring- damper position according to working mode. Their characteristics and art of states are analyzed and the active geometry suspension development trend is presented from configuration design, control system and its opportunities and challenges with intelligent connected vehicles.