历代砚文献发展简论

A Brief Discussion on the Development of the Literature of Inkstone in the Past

砚是我国传统“文房四宝”之一,古人有“四宝砚为首”之说。由砚派生出来的砚文化及其载体——历代砚文献,是中华传统文化的重要组成部分。自宋以来,便有文人、学者对砚进行研究,但这种研究往往侧重于对砚台自然属性(如产地、坑口、石质、石品)及实用属性(磨墨)的研究,而对与之相关的砚文献缺乏全面、深入的整理和总结,砚文献没有成为专门的研究对象,发展脉络梳理不清,对其体例、特点尤其是缺陷认知不足,导致在砚文献的利用上出现断章取义、以讹传讹等现象,客观上影响了砚文化的发展。本文在大量搜索分散在历代文献中与砚相关内容的基础上,按照历史发展顺序对各朝代砚文献的概况进行了归纳,基本理清了砚文献的历史发展脉络,并从分析其体例和内容入手,概括出历代砚文献的主要特点。在此基础上,分析指出了历代砚文献中的缺陷,以为今后人们科学利用和进一步深入研究砚文献提供参考。

Being one of the Four Treasures of the Study in China traditional culture (writing brush, ink stick, inkstone and paper), inkstone is an important part in Chinese traditional culture. Since the Song dynasty, there was study of inkstone by scholars. Yet they only paid close attention to natural character of inkstone, such as place of origin, mine and quality of stone or focused on practical properties of inkstone, like ground of ink, but neglected related inkstone literature, thus hindering the development of inkstone culture. The thesis, based on a large number of inkstone literature and ancient objects, by summarizing the relevant literature of inkstone in each dynasty, presents a historical development of inkstone literature, on the basis of which, the paper points out the insufficiency in literature of inkstone and provides further reference for future research in this area.