构建社会企业身份:中国大陆、香港和台湾地区社企认证实践比较分析

Building Social Enterprises Identity:A Comparative Study of SE Endorsement Practice in China's Mainland,HKSAR and Taiwan

社会企业认证是对社会企业贴标签并把它们与其他组织形态加以区别的一个过程。本文以中国大陆、香港特别行政区和台湾地区的社会企业认证实践为研究对象,分析其发展状况并比较各地异同。研究发现大陆及香港、台湾的社企认证在认证主体、核心标准、参评资质、政府角色、认证结果与运用等方面皆有相似之处,但也存在明显差异,其背后的逻辑可从各地社会企业生长的制度情境和非营利组织成熟程度中得到解释。通过对大陆及香港、台湾社企认证实践的梳理,本文指出社企认证具有情境适用性,但总体而言有助于社企构建一个独特的、鲜明的身份符号,从而更好地获得来自市场、政府和其他机构的支持。同时,社企认证应警惕"围栏效应",避免设置过于精细的指标而对社会企业的多样化生态造成破坏。

Social enterprises ( SE) endorsement is a process of labeling SE and segmenting them from other types of organizations.This paper centers on the SE endorsement institutions in China's Mainland,HKSAR and Taiwan,mapping the status quo and comparing the similarities and difference of SE certification in above three regions.We find out that there are many similarities existing on the sponsors,core criteria,qualifications of SE,government role,result and welfare relating endorsement institutions,yet simultaneously salient differences are discovered among above three regions,which can be understood from the institutional contexts of the growth of social enterprises and the maturity of non-profit organizations in these regions.Bcomparing the practice of these endorsement instituions in above three regions,this artical aruges that the SE endorsement institutions varied in differnt social context,but in general these pracitces are helpful to build a special and salient indentity for social enterprises,which make it more possible to obtain the support from market,government and other organizations.Meanwhile,we should be alert for fence effect in endorsement praictice,and vioid to destroy the diversity of social enterprises by setting over-rigorous certirion.