TOPSIS法和秩和比法模糊联合对标龄5年以上的34项职业卫生标准应用情况调查结果分析

Analysis on the Investigation of the Application of 34 Occupational Health Standards With a Standard Age of More than 5 Years by Using the Fuzzy Combined Method of TOPSIS and Rank Sum Ratio

目的为了解我国标龄5年以上的职业卫生标准应用情况并对各标准修订迫切程度进行综合排序。方法运用异质性方便抽样,选取疾控中心、职防院所、用人单位、第三方技术服务机构机构中从事职业卫生的133名人员进行调查,运用TOPSIS法与秩和比法加权模糊联合分析调查结果并确定各标准的综合排序。结果调查对象共涉及12个省,从业年限中位数13年,专业类别以职业卫生最多,其次为工程类和分析检测类。所有职业卫生标准的"科学性"较强,"可操作性"、"实施效果"和"满足需要"等有待进一步完善。TOPSIS法与秩和比法加权模糊联合分析显示各标准修订的紧迫性从高到低排名前三的为:《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素》(GBZ 2.1)、《工作场所空气有毒物质测定》(GBZ/T 300)和《工作场所空气有毒物质测定》(GBZ/T 160)。结论综合来看,《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素》(GBZ 2.1)、《工作场所空气有毒物质测定》(GBZ/T 300)和《工作场所空气有毒物质测定》(GBZ/T 160)是最需要进行修订完善的3项标准。

Objective To understand the application of occupational health standards with standard age over 5 years in China and to rank the urgency of revision of each standard comprehensively. Methods Through heterogeneous convenient sampling, 133 persons engaged in occupational health work in CDC, occupational health institutes, enterprises and thirdparty technical service providers were selected for investigation, and the results was analyzed by the fuzzy combined method of TOPSIS and rank sum ratio and sort the results of evaluation.Results The Investigation involved a total of 12 provinces, with a median of 13 years of service years. Occupational health was the largest professional category, followed by engineering and assay determination. All occupational health standards got high score in “scientific” dimension, however, the dimensions of “operability”,“implementation effect” and “meeting needs” needed to be further improved. TOPSIS method and rank sum ratio weighted fuzzy joint analysis showed that the top three indicators from low to high are Occupational Exposure Limits for Hazardous Agents in the Workplace Part 1: Chemical Hazardous Agents (GBZ 2.1), Methods for Determination of Toxic Substances in Workplace Air (GBZ/T 300), Determination of Toxic Substances in Workplace Air (GBZ/T 160). Conclusion Generally speaking, Occupational Exposure Limits for Hazardous Agents in the Workplace Part 1: Chemical Hazardous Agents (GBZ 2.1), Methods for Determination of Toxic Substances in Workplace Air (GBZ/T 300), Determination of Toxic Substances in Workplace Air (GBZ/T 160) were the three standards that most need to be revised and improved.