恶性肿瘤患者一级亲属生活方式研究

Life Style of First-degree Relatives of Patients With Malignant Tumors

目的通过对恶性肿瘤一级亲属生活方式的流行病学调查,为制定针对该人群的健康干预策略提供科学依据。方法采用横断面的调查研究方法,对2018年6月1日-9月30日在我院行健康体检的某企业职工进行关于恶性肿瘤家族史、生活方式等方面的面访式调查,结果(1)5 861位的某企业职工中,共617例一级亲属有恶性肿瘤家族史,占调查人数的10.5%;(2)以有癌症家族史617人为研究组,从剩余的5 244例无恶性肿瘤家族史随机抽取651例作为对照组,比较两组的在是否为机关人员、久坐为主、轻体力劳动、不参加运动、吸烟、经常饮酒、经常吃滚烫粥水、常吃腌制、煎炸食物、高盐饮食、不吃新鲜水果等人群特征及生活方式,研究组上述因素的比例分别为56.9%、57.2%、73.6%、23.2%、34.5%、7.3%、5.5%、1.6%、23.7%、42.8%、对照组则分别为59.9%、52.1%、70.7%、26.4%、33.0%、7.2%、6.7%、2.6%、22.0%、60.8%,该两组人群健康行为除了经常吃新鲜蔬菜水果存在显著性差别,研究组饮食习惯的健康程度略高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(χ^2=41.495,P<0.001)外,其他生活方式比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论恶性肿瘤患者一级亲属与没有肿瘤家族史的人群相比,生活方式除了经常吃水果外,无明显差异,并无明显改进;在吸烟、久坐为主、不参加运动、高盐饮食等不良生活方式方面,研究组人群需进一步改善,针对无法戒烟的原因分析提示应当加大对这一肿瘤高危人群戒烟的健康宣教。

Objective To provide scientific basis for formulating health intervention strategies for the first-degree relatives of malignant tumors through epidemiological investigation on their lifestyle. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the family history and lifestyle of malignant tumors among employees of an enterprise who underwent health examination in our hospital from June 1 to September 30,2018. Results(1) Of the 5 861 employees, 617 first-degree relatives had a family history of malignant tumors, which accounted for 10.5% of the total number of investigators, and 617 had a family history of malignant tumors.In the study group, 651 cases were randomly selected from the remaining 5244 cases without family history of malignant tumors as the control group.The characteristics and lifestyles of the two groups were compared in terms of whether they were government personnel, sedentary, light physical work, no exercise, smoking, frequent drinking, frequent eating hot porridge water, frequent eating salted, fried food, high salt diet and no eating fresh fruit. The proportions were 56.9%, 57.2%, 73.6%, 23.2%, 34.5%, 7.3%,5.5%, 1.6%, 23.7%, 42.8% in the control group and 59.9%, 52.1%, 70.7%,26.4%, 33.0%, 7.2%, 6.7%, 2.6%, 22.0% and 60.8% in the control group respectively. Except for the frequent consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits, there were significant differences in health behaviors between the two groups. The health degree of dietary habits in the study group was slightly higher than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant(χ2=41.495 7, P<0.001), there was no significant difference in other lifestyles(P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with the population without family history of cancer, the lifestyle of the first-degree relatives of cancer patients is often eaten. Besides fruit, there is no significant difference. In terms of smoking, sedentary, non-exercise, high-salt diet and other unhealthy lifestyles, the study group still needs to be further improved.In view of the reasons for the failure to quit smoking, especially the health education on smoking cessation among this cancer high-risk group should be strengthened.