辨识主轴转子系统能量传递特性的矢量匹配平衡方法研究

Vector matching balance method for identifying the energy transfer characteristics of a spindle rotor system

为了有效抑制主轴转子系统由于不平衡引起的振动,并且克服传统动平衡方法效率低下的问题。以180SD35Q15高速磨削主轴为研究对象,利用有限元法,建立了主轴转子系统的动力学模型,并且利用模态测试试验对模型进行了修正,实现转子系统结构特征参数的获取;通过动力学方程证明了加重影响系数实际是由转子系统结构参数决定,是能够反映转子系统能量传递特性的参数,并且利用结构参数对其实现了辨识,利用矢量合成原理对配重方案进行寻优匹配,快速、准确的获取了配重质量和相位,采用矢量匹配平衡法和影响系数法进行了对比试验研究。结果表明:在15 000 r/min,18 000 r/min以及21 000 r/min时采用矢量匹配平衡方法进行动平衡,抑振幅度分别达到64.85%,49.57%和60.59%,抑振效果相较于影响系数法更好,且无需试重,一次配重成功,有效的缩短了平衡时间,大大地提高了平衡效率。

In order to suppress the vibration caused by the imbalance of a spindle rotor system,and to overcome the low efficiency of the conventional dynamic balancing method,the dynamic model of a spindle rotor system was established by using the finite element method.The model was modified by the modal test experiment and the identification of the structural parameters of the rotor system was realized,taking the 180SD35Q15 high-speed grinding spindle as the research object.It is proved that the influence coefficient is determined by the rotor structure parameters which can reflect the energy transfer characteristics of the rotor system.Using the principle of vector synthesis to match the weight,the weight and phase can be quickly and accurately obtained.The experimental results of the vector matching balance method were compared with those of the influence coefficient method.The results show that:the amplitude at the running frequency is reduced by 64.85%,49.57%and 60.59%at the speed of 15 000 r/min,18 000 r/min and 21 000 r/min,respectively.The balancing effect is better than the influence coefficient method,and it needs no trial weights,which shortens the balance time and greatly improves the balance efficiency.