论《巴黎手稿》中的生态自然观

On the Ecological View of Nature in the Paris Manuscripts

在《巴黎手稿》中,马克思扬弃了抽象自然观,实现了自然观上的生态转向。运用对象性思维,马克思重塑了自然孕育人,自然改变人,人改造自然,人与自然是不可分割、交互作用的有机体。在劳动活动中,人与自然的对象性关系表现为人与劳动产品的关系。马克思的异化劳动理论内在地包含着人与自然异化、人与人异化的双重关系范畴。异化劳动最终将凝结为私有财产;一当私有财产确立,人与自然、人与人的异化状态又会进一步深化。面对现实困境,扬弃了私有财产的共产主义社会,是克服人与自然、人与人异化的必然出路。

In Paris Manuscripts, Marx abandoned the abstract nature viewpoint and realized the ecological turning in nature viewpoint. Using object-oriented thinking, Marx reshaped the thought that nature breeds human, nature changes human, human transforms nature, and human and nature are inseparable and interactive organisms. In labor activities, the object-oriented relationship between human and nature is expressed as the relationship between human and labor products. Marx's theory of alienated labor inherently contains the dual relationship between human and natural alienation, and alienation between humans. Alienated labor will eventually condense into private property;once private property is established, the alienation between human and nature and between humans will be further deepened. Facing the real dilemma, the communist society that abandons the private property is the inevitable way to overcome the alienation between human and nature and between humans.