不同生物有机肥和生物菌剂对土壤微生物活性及烤烟发育与品质的影响

Effects of Different Bio-organic Fertilizers and Biological Bacteria on Soil Microbial Activity and Development and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

采用田间小区试验,分别研究施用生物有机肥、生物有机肥+生物菌剂、腐熟农家肥后植烟土壤微生物活性的变化及其对烤烟品种K326的田间长势及品质的影响。结果表明,生物有机肥+生物菌剂处理下土壤中细菌与真菌的有效活菌数最高,比对照分别增加296.7%、21.4%;与常规施肥相比,生物有机肥+生物菌剂处理能够提高速效养分在土壤中的累积,其中0~20cm土层碱解氮增加33.0mg/kg,有效磷增加2.6mg/kg。施用生物有机肥、生物菌剂及腐熟农家肥均能改善上中部烟叶品质,但对下部烟叶品质影响较小,明显提高了上等烟的比例、产量及产值,其中以生物有机肥+生物菌剂效果最优。施用生物有机肥和生物菌剂有利于改良土壤,提高作物品质及产量,可以在烟叶生产中推广应用。

The changes of microbial activity in the soil of tobacco implantation as well as the field growth and quality comparison of flue-cured tobacco cultivars K326 after the application of biological organic fertilizer,biological organic fertilizer + biological bacteria and rotting fertilizer were studied by field experiment.The results showed that the number of effective bacteria and fungi in soil under the treatment of biological organic fertilizer + biological fungi was the highest,and increased 296.7% and 21.4% respectively compared with the control.Compared with conventional fertilization,the fertilization model with biological organic fertilizer and biological fungi could improve the accumulation of quick-acting nutrients in soil,in which alkaline nitrogen increased 33.0 mg/kg,effective phosphorus increased 2.6 mg/kg.The application of bioorganic fertilizer,biological bacteria and rotting fertilizer improved the quality of upper-middle tobacco leaves,but it had little effect on the quality of the lower part tobacco leaves,and the proportion,yield and output value of the upper smoke were obviously improved by each treatment compared with the control,among which the model with biological organic fertilizer and biological bacteria had the best effect.The results indicate that the application of bioorganic fertilizer and biological fungi is beneficial to the improvement of soil and the improvement of crop quality and yield,and can be popularized and applied in the actual tobacco production.