叶面肥种类对葡萄果实品质和叶片生长的影响

Effects of Foliar Fertilizers on Fruit Qualities and Leaf Growth of Grape Cultivars

为探究不同种类叶面肥对不同鲜食葡萄果实品质和叶片生长的影响,使用5种不同种类的叶面肥,在不同的葡萄生长时期,对‘夏黑’、‘巨峰’和‘巨玫瑰’3个葡萄品种进行叶面喷施,喷施后调查葡萄的果实品质指标和叶片生长指标。结果表明,不同种类的叶面肥对叶片生长及果实品质的影响有很大差异,多种类型的叶面肥配合使用效果最佳。葡萄品种不同对喷施叶面肥的响应也不同, ‘夏黑’葡萄喷施后,果实品质显著提高,但叶片生长指标无明显差异; ‘巨峰’葡萄喷施后,果实品质指标与对照相比无显著差异,但叶片生长指标有显著提高; ‘巨玫瑰’葡萄喷施后,果实品质没有明显提高,但单叶重、叶绿素含量和叶面积有显著提高,总体规律不明显。综上所述,不同种类叶面肥配合使用,对葡萄品质提高效果最佳;不同葡萄品种叶面肥使用效果不同,且使用效果与土壤肥力、植株本身的吸肥能力等有很大关系。生产上不应盲目施用叶面肥,其中磷酸二氢钾物美价廉,值得推荐。

To explore the influence of different foliar fertilizers on grape fruit quality and leaf growth, five kinds of foliar fertilizers were utilized on three grape cultivars,’Summer Black’,’Kyoho’, and ’Jumeigui’, during different grape growing stages. After spraying, the fruit quality index and leaf growing characteristics were investigated. The results showed that, the influences of different foliar fertilizers on the fruit quality and leaf growth were significantly different. Combined spraying of different foliar fertilizers could have better result.Furthermore, there are significant differences among cultivars in regarding to the fruit quality and leaf growth after spraying. For ’Summer Black’, the fruit quality was significantly improved. The quality index had no significant difference between the treatments and CK1(spraying water) in ’Kyoho’grape;however, the leaf growth index increased significantly after spraying foliar fertilizer. The fruit quality of ’Jumeigui’had no significant change after spraying foliar fertilizer, but the leaf growth index such as chlorophyll content and leaf area increased significantly, and the general changing trend was not obvious. Taken together, the utilization of different foliar fertilizers simultaneously could increase the fruit quality more effectively than using only one type of foliar fertilizer. Fruit quality and leaf growth of different cultivars have different responses to foliar fertilizers. Furthermore, the effectiveness of foliar fertilizers is closely related to soil fertility, soil properties,and absorbing ability of grape plant itself. Therefore, the foliar fertilizer should not be used blindly during grape production. KH2 PO4 is less expensive, and has better effect, which can be recommended.