山东疫苗事件对上海市杨浦区儿童家长预防接种意愿的影响

Change of parents′ willingness to vaccinate children after Shangdong vaccine event——take Yangpu District of Shanghai as example

【目的】了解山东疫苗事件后上海儿童家长预防接种意愿的变化,为传播沟通策略的制定提供依据。【方法】采用分层随机抽样方法,于2016年5月、10月分别使用自行设计的问卷在上海市杨浦区11个街道(镇)进行两轮调查,对超过预约日期一周及以上未接种国家免疫规划疫苗应接种的儿童家长330名(0～3岁)进行问卷调查,两轮共调查660人。【结果】在两轮调查的各330名儿童家长中,事件知晓率均超过89%。660名调查对象中43.4%知道涉案疫苗种类,网络和电视是最主要的获取信息渠道的来源(均大于43%),其中受事件影响导致家长接种态度改变的比例为44.4%,但导致未接种疫苗的比例仅为2.3%,97.9%的家长考虑补种。第二轮与第一轮相比,事件知晓率从93.6%下降至89.1%(χ~2=4.32,P=0.04),未种原因为受案件影响的比例从3.6%下降至0.9%(χ~2=18.03,P<0.01)。【结论】山东疫苗事件未对杨浦区预防接种工作造成明显影响,家长对疫苗的安全性和有效性存在质疑,仍需开展有针对性的宣传,提升公众对预防接种的信心。

[Objective] To investigate parental attitudes towards vaccination following the Shandong Illegal Vaccine Selling Event and to provide evidence for improving strategies of vaccination and communication.[Methods] Parents of children aged 0-3 years who have not been vaccinated for more than 7 days after appointment date were investigated through stratified random sampling in 11 sub-district of Yangpu District.Information was collected by a self-designed questionnaire.Two rounds of questionnaires were conducted in May and October,2016 with 330 parents involved in each round.[Results] In surveys on 660 parents,more than 89% of parents heard about the Shandong vaccine event and 43.4% of them knew of the exact category of the illegal vaccine.Internet and TV were the two main channels for parents to access the event and both proportions were more than 43%.With all parents,44.4% of them were impacted by the Vaccine Event but only 2.3% of them did not have their children vaccinated and 97.9% of them were considering vaccination for their children afterwards.As the first and the second round surveys were compared, the awareness rate of the Event declined from 93.6% to 89.1%(χ^2=4.32,P=0.04).Correspondingly,the proportion of unvaccinated children affected by the Vaccine Event dropped from 3.6% to 0.9%(χ^2=18.03,P<0.01).[Conclusion] The Vaccine Event does not cause a significant impact on parental acceptance of vaccination in Yangpu District,but the parents do not have confidence in vaccine safety and efficacy.We should continue to conduct health promotion and communication activities to enhance public confidence in the immunization program.