孕期护理干预对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇妊娠结局的影响

Effect of pregnancy nursing intervention on pregnancy outcome of gestational diabetes mellitus

【目的】探讨孕期护理干预对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇妊娠结局的影响。【方法】选择2017年1月至10月在中山医院青浦分院产科门诊产检的360名妊娠期糖尿病孕妇为调查对象,在确诊为妊娠期糖尿病至妊娠终止期间进行干预,采用简单随机抽样方法将患者分为干预组和对照组。对照组进行常规健康教育和妊娠期糖尿病相关知识的问卷调查;干预组在此基础上在产科门诊孕妇学校进行集体讲课,而且根据血糖控制情况,每1～2周进行一次个体化健康教育直至分娩,实施干预措施前进行妊娠期糖尿病相关知识的问卷调查,干预3次后再进行问卷调查,比较两组孕妇相关知识的知晓率、血糖控制情况、并发症发生率等。【结果】对照组对妊娠期糖尿病相关知识的知晓率为32.95%,干预组为93.89%;对照组空腹血糖控制满意率为56.57%,干预组为87.78%;对照组餐后2 h血糖控制满意率为53.33%,干预组为79.44%;对照组妊娠期糖尿病孕妇围生期并发症发生率为31.11%,干预组为16.11%;对照组围生儿并发症发生率为21.11%,干预组为11.67%。【结论】个体化孕期护理干预可提高妊娠期糖尿病孕妇相关知识的知晓率,有利于控制血糖、降低并发症,改善妊娠结局。

[Objective] To explore the effect of nursing intervention during pregnancy on pregnancy outcome of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).[Methods] From January to October 2017,360 pregnant women with GDM were selected for intervention during the period between the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus and the termination of pregnancy,and a simple random sampling method was used to divide the subjects into two groups;intervention and control.The control group received routine health education and questionnaire survey of GDM related knowledge.In addition to the above,the intervention group heard group lectures in maternity schools and in obstetrical outpatient clinics.And afterwards,individualized health education was offered every 1-2 weeks until delivery according to their blood sugar control situation.A questionnaire survey on GDM was conducted before the intervention,and the questionnaire of knowledge about GDM completed after 3 interventions.After the termination of pregnancy,the two groups of GDM pregnant women were compared in their differeces regarding the awareness rate of related knowledge,blood sugar control,and the incidence of complications.[Results] In the control group,the awareness rate of GDM was 32.95%,and in the intervention group 93.89%.The contentment rate of fasting blood glucose control in the control group was 56.57%,and in the intervention group 87.78%.The contentment rate of 2 h postprandial blood glucose control in the control group was 53.33%,in the intervention group 79.44%.The incidence of perinatal complications in GDM pregnant women in the control group was 31.11%,and in the intervention group 16.11%.The incidence of perinatal complications of GDM in the control group was 21.11%,and in the intervention group 11.67%.[Conclusion] Individualized nursing intervention during pregnancy can improve the awareness rate of related knowledge for pregnant women with GDM,control their ideal blood sugar,reduce complications and improve pregnancy outcomes.