关系网与生命周期:家庭抗逆力本土化研究的维度拓展

Network and Life Cycle:the Dimensions of Family Resilience

经济社会急剧变化的时代,各种不确定风险随处可见。家庭作为社会结构的中心,处在风险前沿,面临多种压力,这些压力呈周期性、普遍性、非预期性等特点。家庭应对压力的动态过程称为"家庭抗逆力",家庭抗逆力是一个检验关系的过程,它促使家庭成员的社会关系在遭遇逆境时得到维持或加强。研究发现,处于生命周期不同阶段的家庭,面对各种逆境时,能够利用的社会关系网及从中获取的资源会发生变化,家庭抗逆的"力"随之改变:满巢期依靠情感型关系网形成家庭凝聚力应对压力;离巢期通过混合型关系网中的内聚力与拉动力克服困境;空巢期则依靠情感型关系网形成社区协作力应对空巢危机。社会关系网影响家庭抗逆力,通过关系网获取资源以克服逆境成为拥有抗逆力家庭的理性选择。

Family resilience is a process of testing relationships and a means of connecting relationships,which can prompt relationship of family maintained and enhanced in adversity or pressure.In full nest period stage,families obtain material,emotional resources to face adversity relying on emotional relationships.In the period of leaving the nest,families in the adversity overcome difficulties by family internal cohesion and driving force of external environment provided.Empty nesters cope with life of empty nest through forming collaboration or cooperation forces with other empty-nest families in the community social networks.