中国应着力开发二次人口红利

China Should Develop Secondary Demographic Dividend

中国劳动力无限供给格局已趋于终结,一次人口红利正逐步衰减,将来要想为经济高增长提供人的支撑,就必须转向二次人口红利开发,着力提高人力资本水平,在这一方面中国还有很大的挖掘空间。借鉴美欧日韩等国家二次人口红利的开发经验,我们发现,开发二次人口红利的关键是:延长义务教育,强化职业教育,矫正高等教育,优化在职培训,加强健康保护,打破劳动力流动障碍。

The infinite supply pattern of labor force in China is ending, the first demographic dividend gradually declined. If we want to provide human support for high economic growth in the future, we must turn to the secondary demographic dividend and focus on improving the level of human capital. In this respect, China still leaves a lot of room for exploration. Drawing lessons from the experience of developed countries such as the United States, Japan and Germany, we find that extending compulsory education, developing vocational education,correcting higher education, strengthening health protection,optimizing on-the-job training and breaking the barriers of labor mobility are the key to developing secondary population dividend.