扶贫对象可行能力影响因素探析——以赣南等原中央苏区为例

贫困问题的实质是能力缺失问题,研究贫困老区扶贫对象能力状态具有积极现实意义。在可行能力理论与马斯洛需求理论框架下创建可行能力集,并采用有序Probit模型分析赣南等原中央苏区扶贫对象可行能力及其影响因素。结果显示:研究样本可行能力较弱;影响其变化的显著性因素,主要包括健康程度、家庭劳动力情况、脱贫意识、基础设施建设和扶贫政策;可行能力影响因素边际效应边界显著,即在"阈值3"以下(可行能力较弱阶段)劳动能力至关重要,在"阈值3"以上(可行能力较强阶段)扶贫政策、医疗保障、基础设施建设和脱贫意识更重要,而调查结果显示该区域情况尚属前者。因此,建议地方政府通过示范带动等村民互助行为和通过产业扶贫方式逐步推进劳动技能培训,进而不断提升扶贫对象可行能力。

The essence of poverty problem is the capacity loss, so it is of positive and practical significance to study the ability state of poverty alleviation objects in the old poverty areas. This paper creates a set of feasible capabilities under the framework of the theory of feasible ability and Maslow's demand theory and analyzes the feasible ability and influencing factors of poverty alleviation objects in the former central Soviet area such as Gannan by using the ordered Probit model. It is found that, the feasibility of the research sample is weak;the significant factors that affect its change include health level, household labor force, awareness of poverty eradication, infrastructure construction and poverty alleviation policies;the marginal effect of the factor presents a clear boundary, that is, the work ability below threshold 3 is of paramount importance and poverty alleviation policies, medical care, infrastructure construction and awareness of poverty alleviation above threshold 3 are more important. The survey results show that the situation in the region is the former. Therefore, it is proposed that local governments should gradually promote labor skills training through demonstration and other villagers' mutual assistance activities and through industrial poverty alleviation methods.