文化变迁视野下明代屯堡在贵州地域的营建与演变——以黔中屯堡鲍家屯为例

The Construction and Evolution of Tunpu of the Ming Dynasty in Guizhou from the Perspective of Cultural Change: A Case Study of Baojiatun in Qianzhong Area

明初汉族移民因军事原因进入贵州地域,形成自上而下,具有规划特征的屯田驻军聚落。在其后的历史岁月中,其原本的汉族文化内容发生了变迁,并形成了特殊的文化现象"屯堡文化",聚落作为文化的物质表征,文化的变迁也在聚落营建中体现出来。对鲍家屯聚落营建的历史演变实例研究表明,军屯特殊政治任务、贵州喀斯特地理自然条件、军屯制度溃散后军屯到民屯的转变、清中后期动荡的社会环境、贵州本地民族关系等因素的共同作用使屯堡聚落形成了独具特征的空间形态。

In the early period of the Ming Dynasty, the Han nationality immigrants entered the Guizhou area for military reasons, forming a top-down, stationed garrison with planning characteristics. In the following years, the original content of Han culture had changed, and formed a special cultural phenomenon known for "Tunpu culture", and settlement as a cultural material characterization, cultural changes are also reflected in the settlement construction. An example of the historical evolution of Baojiatun settlement construction shows that the special political task, the natural conditions of Guizhou Karst geography, the change of military system after the collapse of military system,the social environment of chaos in the late Qing Dynasty, the local ethnic relations in Guizhou and other factors made the settlement of Tunpu form a unique feature of the spatial form.