论社会治理模式的转变:从制度到行动

The Change of Social Governance Model: from Institution to Action

全球化、后工业化意味着人类历史一个新的阶段的开启,也意味着社会治理模式的根本性变革。如果说工业社会中的社会治理是制度导向的,那么在人类即将走进的新的历史阶段中,将会造就出一种行动导向的社会治理模式。政治不仅是社会治理体系的构成部分,而且是核心的和主导的部分。工业社会的政治是民主政治,经典性的民主也可以说是制度民主。在20世纪后期,因为社会的复杂化和不确定化,制度民主显现出了不适应性,因而出现了协商民主理论、公众参与理论等试图弥补制度民主缺陷的新主张和新设计。但是,由于社会治理结构并未发生变化,致使这些新的设计都无法真正得到实施。全球化、后工业化进程中呈现出来的社会高度复杂性和高度不确定性意味着我们将遭遇更多偶发性的事项,制度的刚性决定了对这些问题的解决不仅无力,反而会形成阻碍。因此,社会治理应当实现从制度导向向行动导向的转变。同时,这种转变也意味着社会治理从规则依赖向寻求道德支持的转型。

Globalization and post-industrialization means a new stage has been ushered in human history and signifies the fundamental change of social governance model.If the social governance in industrial society is institution-oriented,there should be a constructed action-oriented when human beings are entering a new historical stage.Politics is a constituent of social governance system,and it is the core and dominant part.The politics of industrial society is democratic politics,the classical democracy can also be said to be institutional democracy.In the late 20 th century,there is still insufficient adaptation in institutional democracy on account of social complexity and uncertainty;to remedy the defects,therefore,new propositions and designs has been proposed,such as deliberative democracy and the public participation movement.Nonetheless,the structure of social governance has never changed,so that the new design has not really implemented.The high-complexity and high-uncertainty of society in the process of globalization and post-industrialization implies the increasing of contingence;the rigidity of the institution decided the problems have been impeding instead of solving. Therefore,we believe that social governance should accomplish the transformation from institution-oriented to action-oriented;meanwhile,the transformation means social governance should change from rule-dependence to moral-supporting.