单手肩上投篮技术特征研究现状与评述

Research Status and Comments on Technical Characteristics of Single-Handed Shoulder Shooting

单手肩上投篮是篮球投篮基础技术之一,也是比赛中最常用的投篮技术动作。对近几十年来与单手投篮技术相关的国内外文献进行梳理,从其技术特征和身体动作轨迹、空间位置等特征以及训练方法、心理特征等方面的研究成果进行综述,综合分析单手肩上投篮的影响因素,加强对单手投篮技术原理的进一步认识,以便今后更好地指导日常训练与教学。研究结果表明:1、国内对投篮技术的研究多为纯理论分析,而国外的研究大都是建立在实验的基础上;2、在投篮技术的研究中,对跳投动作研究较多,而对单手肩上投篮动作的研究则较少;3、对人体上肢各关节的屈伸、旋转研究较多,而对人体躯干和下肢各关节的研究相对较少,研究缺乏整体性。4、多数关于投篮心理特征的研究主要集中在情绪、自信心、注意和意志四个方面,其他心理方面影响因素的研究较少。并最后指出对人体躯干和下肢各关节的研究,以及投篮动作各身体环节的协调结构和心理特征方面,是我们今后的研究方向。

One-handed shoulder shot is one of the basic basketball shooting techniques, and is also the most commonly used shooting technique in competitions.This paper combs the domestic and foreign literatures related to single-handed shooting technology in recent decades, summarizes the research results from its technical characteristics, body movement track, space position, training methods and psychological characteristics, comprehensively analyses the influencing factors of single-handed shoulder shooting, and strengthens the further understanding of the technical principles of single-handed shooting, so as to provide better guidance for daily training and teaching in the future.The results show that: 1.Most of the domestic research on shooting technology is purely theoretical analysis, while most of the foreign research is based on experiments;2.In the research of shooting technology, there are more studies on jump shot, but less on single-handed shoulder shooting;3.There are more studies on flexion, extension and rotation of upper limb joints, but more on human trunk and lower limb joints.The research is relatively few and lacks integrity.4.Most studies on the psychological characteristics of shooting mainly focus on four aspects: emotion, self-confidence, attention and willingness.There are few studies on other psychological factors.Finally, it is pointed out that the study of the joints of the trunk and lower limbs, as well as the coordinated structure and psychological characteristics of the body links of shooting movements are our future research directions.