不同品种和树龄银杏叶聚戊烯醇含量的年动态特征

Annual dynamic characteristics of polyprenol contents in leaves of different varieties of Ginkgo biloba at different tree ages

为了掌握不同银杏种质叶中聚戊烯醇含量的季节变化,确定银杏叶的采收季节和初选聚戊烯醇含量高的种质,对南京地区不同品种、不同树龄的银杏叶中聚戊烯醇含量的年动态进行了测定。结果表明:银杏叶中聚戊烯醇含量在品种间和月份间差异显著。聚戊烯醇含量在春季最低,秋季增幅最快,于10月增至最高,其中GP15-3最高,其次是GP15-1和GP15-4。幼树叶中聚戊烯醇含量显著高于大树。银杏叶中5种主要聚戊烯醇同系物单体的相对含量均具有正态分布特征,总体呈五指峰状,其中C85、C90所占比例较大,其次是C80和C95,所占比例较小的是C100。综合分析结果表明,南京地区用于提取聚戊烯醇的银杏叶宜在10月采收;生产中应首选GP15-3,营建幼龄银杏叶用园,或采用修剪、平茬等栽培措施幼化植株来提高叶中聚戊烯醇含量。

In order to grasp seasonal variations of polyprenol contents in different varieties of Ginkgo biloba leaves,to determine harvesting time of G.biloba leaves,and to primarily select varieties with high polyprenol content,annual dynamic changes of polyprenol contents in leaves of different varieties of G.biloba at different tree ages in Nanjing were determined.The results showed that polyprenol contents in G.biloba leaves were significant different among varieties and months.Polyprenol content was the lowest in spring and was rapidly increased in autumn,and it reached the highest level in October.GP15-3 had the highest level of polyprenol content,followed by GP15-1 and GP15-4.Polyprenol content in leaves of saplings was significantly higher than that of large trees.Relative contents of five main polyprenol homologues in G.biloba leaves had normal distribution characteristics.As a whole,it was like a peak of five-finger.In which relative contents of C85 and C90 were a larger proportion,followed by C80 and C95,and smaller proportion as C100.The results of comprehensive analysis showed that,G.biloba leaves used for polyprenol extraction in Nanjing area should be harvested in October;GP15-3 should be firstly choiced in production,and leaf G.biloba garden should be built with saplings, or trees were rejuvenized through pruning,coppicing,and other cultivation measures,in order to increase polyprenol contents in leaves.